Biology 9.1-9.2 Chapter on Reproductive Systems

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What is the diploid cell formed from the union of male and female gametes called?

Oocyte

Zygote (correct)

Sperm

Gamete

Which hormone is primarily responsible for male reproductive system regulation?

Progesterone

Estrogen

Oxytocin

Testosterone (correct)

What does the process of spermatogenesis produce?

Oocytes

Embryos

Zygotes

Sperm (correct)

How do sex differences affect an individual's health?

By influencing disease susceptibility and treatment responses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are haploid gametes produced in the male reproductive system?

Sperm and Oocytes Signup and view all the answers

What role do female reproductive systems play in reproduction?

Providing a supportive environment for fertilization and pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of individuals unable to respond to androgenic hormones?

Development of both male and female sex traits Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes gametes in the context of sexual reproduction?

Haploid cells generated through meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the testes in the male reproductive system?

Production of sex hormones and spermatogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What role does the scrotum play in the male reproductive system?

Maintains temperature for spermatogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Where does sperm maturation occur in the male reproductive system?

Epididymides Signup and view all the answers

What do the seminal glands produce?

Seminal fluid containing energy-providing chemicals Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the prostate gland in the male reproductive system?

To prevent coagulation of sperm in the vagina Signup and view all the answers

What fluid is a combination of sperm and seminal fluid known as?

Semen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands?

Secretion of lubricating alkaline mucus Signup and view all the answers

Which structure serves both reproductive and excretory functions in males?

Penis Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are formed from a primary spermatocyte during meiosis I?

Secondary spermatocytes Signup and view all the answers

How many haploid early spermatids are produced after meiosis II?

Four Signup and view all the answers

What transformation occurs to early spermatids during maturation?

They become motile spermatozoa Signup and view all the answers

Where do spermatozoa gain motility?

Epididymis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enzymes found in the acrosome of a spermatozoon?

To penetrate the zona pellucida Signup and view all the answers

What causes the removal of excess cytoplasm during the maturation of sperm cells?

Cell differentiation Signup and view all the answers

When does spermatogenesis begin in males?

During puberty Signup and view all the answers

How long does the entire process of spermatogenesis take in humans?

64-75 days Signup and view all the answers

What role does luteinizing hormone (LH) play in the male reproductive system?

Stimulates testosterone production in Leydig cells Signup and view all the answers

How does high testosterone levels affect the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland?

They inhibit GnRH and gonadotropin secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in spermatogenesis?

Promotes Sertoli cell function Signup and view all the answers

How does inhibin regulate the male reproductive system?

Inhibits FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary Signup and view all the answers

What happens if testosterone levels fall too low in the male HPG axis?

GnRH is released again to stimulate LH and FSH secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the mitochondria in the midpiece of a spermatozoon?

To produce ATP for motility Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are derived from the Wolffian ducts in male development?

Vas deferens and seminal vesicles Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is secreted by developing Sertoli cells to repress female reproductive structure development?

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of sperm is responsible for motility?

Flagellum (tail) Signup and view all the answers

During which life stage are sex hormone levels typically low?

Infancy and childhood Signup and view all the answers

How is male reproductive development primarily regulated during puberty?

By the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the cascade of events leading to male reproductive organ development in an XY individual?

Expression of SRY and related genes Signup and view all the answers

What anchors the centrioles in the midpiece of a spermatozoon?

Microtubules Signup and view all the answers