Biology Chapter on Proteins and Genetics

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What is the main function of proteins that involves movement?

Movement (correct)

Defense

Storage

Signaling

Which of the following is NOT a subunit of proteins?

Peptide

Nucleotide (correct)

Amino Acid

Polypeptide

What type of bond is formed between amino acids during protein synthesis?

Ionic bond

Hydrogen bond

Disulfide bond

Peptide bond (correct)

Which amino acid group is characterized by being hydrophilic and water-soluble?

Polar 'R' groups Signup and view all the answers

Which level of protein structure is defined by the specific sequence of amino acids?

Primary Structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation when two traits are inherited independently?

9:3:3:1 Signup and view all the answers

What does the Law of Independent Assortment state?

Alleles of one gene are distributed independently of alleles of other genes. Signup and view all the answers

What type of gametes are produced by a true-breeding plant with the genotype SSYY?

SY only Signup and view all the answers

In Mendel's experiments, how many phenotypic categories were observed in the F2 generation?

Four Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis do alleles of different genes assort independently?

Anaphase 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of muscle cells related to calcium ions?

To store calcium ions for muscle contraction Signup and view all the answers

What does the Golgi Apparatus primarily do?

Sorting, modifying and packaging molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the process of antibody production?

Antibodies are synthesized on ribosomes of rough ER. Signup and view all the answers

What role do lysosomes serve in the cell?

They digest food particles and microorganisms. Signup and view all the answers

What modification occurs to lysosomal enzymes in the Golgi Apparatus?

They receive a carbohydrate mailing label. Signup and view all the answers

How do lysosomes maintain an acidic environment necessary for their function?

By pumping hydrogen ions inside the lysosome. Signup and view all the answers

What process allows antibodies to be released from the cell?

Exocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in muscle cells regarding glycogen?

They help convert stored glycogen into glucose for energy. Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond forms when atoms share electrons?

Covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a polar covalent bond?

One nucleus attracts electrons stronger than the other. Signup and view all the answers

Why is water considered a good solvent?

It has positively and negatively charged regions. Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs when water molecules cling to other substances?

Adhesion Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of water contributes to its high specific heat?

Presence of hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes hydrophilic substances?

They dissolve easily in water. Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes water molecules sticking together, forming droplets?

Cohesion Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called that forms biological polymers by removing water?

Dehydration Synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of monosaccharides?

They have a backbone of 3-7 carbon atoms. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to water as it freezes into ice?

It expands and becomes less dense. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy source among monosaccharides?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What energy property must be overcome for water to evaporate?

Heat of vaporization Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide is known to provide structural benefits to plants?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What role do hydrogen bonds play in water's characteristics?

They contribute to water's high boiling point. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about disaccharides is correct?

They consist of two monosaccharides linked together. Signup and view all the answers

What molecules are released during dehydration synthesis?

Hydrogen and Hydroxyl groups Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cellulose and chitin from other carbohydrates?

They serve primarily as structural components. Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the body is glycogen primarily stored?

Liver and Muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula ratio of carbohydrates as indicated?

1C:2H:1O Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the breakdown of biological molecules using water?

Hydrolysis Signup and view all the answers

What structure is formed by the phosphate groups and sugars in a DNA strand?

Sugar Phosphate Backbone Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond holds the complementary bases in DNA strands together?

Hydrogen Bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which two bases form complementary pairs in DNA?

Adenine and Thymine Signup and view all the answers

How does DNA replication ensure that daughter cells receive genetic information?

By producing identical double helices Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for pairing nucleotides during DNA replication?

DNA Polymerase Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation characteristic of DNA strands in a double helix?

Antiparallel Orientation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes adenine's pairing behavior in DNA?

Forms hydrogen bonds only with thymine Signup and view all the answers

What is required for DNA replication to occur?

Free nucleotides synthesized in the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers