Biology Chapter on Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Which cellular structure is absent in bacteria, distinguishing them from eukaryotes?

Which of the following is a fundamental distinction between bacteria and archaea?

Which of the following cellular components is common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Which of the following is exclusively composed of unicellular organisms?

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of eukaryotes, but not of prokaryotes?

Which of the following cellular components would be found in both a bacterium and a plant cell?

To which domain of life do fungi belong?

Considering evolutionary relationships, what is directly indicated by the classification of bacteria and archaea as distinct domains?

Which of the following is the primary function of bacterial inclusions?

What is the key characteristic of plasmids that distinguishes them from the bacterial chromosome?

Under which environmental condition would bacteria most likely form endospores?

Which of the following structures is directly involved in the synthesis of proteins?

Which of these cellular structures is NOT involved in bacterial survival but rather in conferring advantages?

Which characteristic is LEAST likely to be employed when initially describing a bacterial sample?

In what year was the bacterial cell wall staining method developed by Hans Christian Gram?

What is the primary structural characteristic of the bacterial nucleoid region?

Which enzyme class is directly involved in the supercoiling of bacterial DNA within the nucleoid?

Plasmids are best described as:

What cellular process directly leads to an increase in Colony Forming Units (CFU) during bacterial growth?

Optical Density at 600nm (OD600) primarily measures:

Motile bacteria, in terms of oxygen requirements, are typically classified under which broad category?

Bacterial growth is fundamentally characterized by:

Which characteristic is LEAST likely to be associated with members of a regulon?

What primarily governs gene expression in gene-regulation pathways?

What is the primary function of signal transduction pathways?

If a bacterium's signal transduction pathway is disrupted, what immediate consequence would most likely occur?

Which of the below is responsible for carrying out cellular biological processes?

What characteristic is not shared between gene regulation and biological pathways?

A bacterium encounters a sudden depletion of a key nutrient in its environment. Which type of pathway is most likely to be immediately activated to help the bacterium adapt?

How are cellular processes organized in bacteria?

Which of the following bacterial species is associated with causing tetanus?

What is the process by which certain bacteria transform into highly resistant, dormant structures?

Which of the following characteristics is NOT typically associated with bacterial endospores?

What is the primary function of pili in bacteria beyond adhesion?

What determines the directional movement of bacteria using flagella?

What environmental cue is associated with magnetotaxis in bacteria?

What feature is associated with pathogens that occupy limited ecological niches?

What is the primary role of plasmids in bacterial survival?

What is the implication of bacteria exchanging plasmids?

Which structure enables bacteria to move in aqueous environments?

What gradients do flagella help bacteria respond to?

Which bacterial disease is linked to Clostridium perfringens?

What is the effect of plasmids encoding for antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria?

Which feature distinguishes pili from Fimbriae?

What bacterial condition is associated with Clostridium difficile?

Which of the following is the most direct effect of a mutation in a structural gene?

A bacterium is exposed to UV radiation, resulting in an increased mutation rate. What cellular process is most directly affected by this mutagen?

If a repressor protein is mutated such that it can no longer bind to its operator sequence, what is the most likely outcome?

What is the primary difference between an operon and a regulon in bacterial gene regulation?

Which of the following best describes the function of sigma ($\sigma$) factors in prokaryotic transcription?

A particular gene in E. coli is always expressed regardless of environmental conditions. This gene would best be described as:

Which of the following mutations would likely have the LEAST impact on the phenotype of an organism?

If a chemical agent caused a 1000-fold increase in the mutation rate of a bacterium, what would be the most significant immediate consequence?

A researcher discovers a new small RNA (sRNA) molecule in bacteria. Based on the information provided, what is the most likely function of this sRNA?

Which of the following characteristics is LEAST likely to be associated with 'housekeeping genes'?