Biology Chapter on Homeostasis and pH Scale

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Questions and Answers

What does the pH scale measure?

The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.

What is the normal pH of blood?

The normal pH of blood is 7.4.

Which of the following are considered macromolecules?

Proteins (correct)

Carbohydrates (correct)

Water

Lipids (correct)

Nucleic Acids (correct)

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

Cellular fuel (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lipids?

Energy storage (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proteins?

Transport (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

Store genetic information (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the anatomical position?

Thumbs pointing inwards (C) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following quadrants with the organ they contain:

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) = Stomach Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) = Small intestine Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) = Liver Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) = Appendix Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are signs of inflammation?

Swelling (A), Pain (B), Loss of function (C), Heat (D), Redness (E) Signup and view all the answers

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis refers to the process of maintaining a stable internal environment within the body, despite changes in the external environment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism?

Regulation of body temperature (D) Signup and view all the answers

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Gain water (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a membrane to be selectively permeable?

A selectively permeable membrane allows certain substances to pass through while restricting others based on factors such as size, electrical charge, molecular shape, and lipid solubility. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following functions of epithelial tissue with their location:

Protection = Stratified squamous epithelium - skin Absorption = Simple columnar epithelium - small intestine Filtration = Simple cuboidal epithelium - kidneys Excretion = Transitional epithelium - urinary bladder Secretion = Simple columnar epithelium - glands Sensory reception = Specialized epithelial cells - taste buds Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow internal organs, such as the stomach and intestines?

Smooth muscle (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues can regenerate?

Epithelial tissue (C), Bone (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport does NOT require energy?

Osmosis (A), Facilitated diffusion (B), Diffusion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete their products through ducts onto body surfaces or into body cavities. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a blast cell?

Osteoblast (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

pH Scale

Measures hydrogen ions.
Blood pH: 7.4
pH 7: neutral
pH < 7: acidic
pH > 7: basic

Macromolecules and Functions

Carbohydrates: Cellular fuel (glucose)
Lipids: Energy storage
Proteins: Transport
Nucleic Acids: Store genetic information

Anatomical Position

Body erect
Palms facing forward
Feet slightly apart
Thumbs to the sides

Abdominal Quadrants and Organs

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ): Stomach
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ): Small intestine
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ): Liver
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ): Appendix

Signs of Inflammation

Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Impairment of function

Homeostasis

Stable internal conditions.
Nervous and Endocrine systems maintain homeostasis through communication (nerve impulses and hormones).

Feedback Mechanisms

Negative Feedback: Response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus (e.g., glucose regulation, body temperature).
Positive Feedback: Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus (e.g., childbirth, blood clotting).

Tonicity

Hypotonic: Cell gains water.
Hypertonic: Cell loses water, shrinks.
Isotonic: No water movement, maintains cell size.

Selective Permeability

Allows some materials to pass freely.
Restricts materials based on size, electrical charge, molecular shape, and lipid solubility.

Epithelial Tissue Functions and Locations

Protection: Stratified squamous epithelium (skin)
Absorption: Simple columnar epithelium (small intestine)
Filtration: Simple cuboidal epithelium (kidneys)
Excretion: Transitional epithelium (urinary bladder)
Secretion: Simple columnar epithelium (glands)
Sensory reception: Specialized epithelial cells (taste buds)

Muscle Tissue Types

Skeletal: Bone, voluntary, attaches to bone
Cardiac: Heart, involuntary
Smooth: Mainly walls of hollow organs, involuntary

Tissue Regeneration

Regenerate: Bone, epithelial tissues
Non-regenerate: Cardiac muscle, nervous tissue

Passive Transport

Diffusion: High concentration to low concentration.
Osmosis: Water movement across a selectively permeable membrane, high to low water concentration.
Facilitated Diffusion: Molecules across a membrane with the help of a transport protein.

Endocrine vs. Exocrine Glands

Endocrine: Ductless glands, hormones travel through blood (e.g., thyroid hormone).
Exocrine: Release secretions into ducts onto body surfaces (e.g., sweat glands).

Blast and Cyte Cells

Blast: Immature form (e.g., fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts)
Cyte: Mature form (e.g., chondrocytes, osteocytes)

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Description

Explore key biological concepts including the pH scale, macromolecules, anatomical positions, and signs of inflammation. This quiz delves into how the body maintains homeostasis and the feedback mechanisms involved in physiological processes. Test your understanding and knowledge in a comprehensive manner.