Biology Chapter on Genetics

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Which statement about a zygote is accurate?

A zygote is composed of multiple cells and begins division after a few days.

A zygote is the initial single cell formed at conception. (correct)

A zygote forms only from the union of two sperm cells.

A zygote contains only maternal genetic material.

What distinguishes a gene from a chromosome?

A gene is a complete set of DNA, while a chromosome is a single DNA strand.

A gene contains information only about physical traits, while a chromosome is involved in environmental adaptations.

A gene is a unit of DNA that encodes instructions, whereas a chromosome is a structure that contains multiple genes. (correct)

A gene is found only in RNA, while a chromosome is exclusively made of DNA.

Which of the following accurately defines the term genotype?

Genotype is the genetic makeup, including all genes of an individual. (correct)

Genotype describes the environmental influences on genetic expression.

Genotype refers to the observable characteristics of an organism.

Genotype only considers dominant traits inherited from parents.

Which feature is characteristic of chromosomes?

Chromosomes consist of both protein and nucleic acids. Signup and view all the answers

How does DNA primarily function in heredity?

DNA stores and transmits genetic information across generations. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is false regarding the relationship between genes and chromosomes?

All genes on a chromosome function independently of each other. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of sex chromosomes in humans?

To determine biological sex Signup and view all the answers

In a karyotype, how are chromosomes organized?

Paired from largest to smallest Signup and view all the answers

What determines the sex of a zygote during fertilization?

Whether the sperm carries an X or a Y chromosome Signup and view all the answers

Phenotype is best defined as which of the following?

The observable traits resulting from genetics and environment Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between genetics and traits?

Genetics interact with environmental factors to influence traits Signup and view all the answers

What chromosomes are involved in determining biological sex?

The 23rd pair, consisting of X and Y chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs of sex chromosomes would indicate a male?

XY Signup and view all the answers

At what age range does early childhood occur?

2 to 6 years Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the lifespan is characterized by the transition from high school to college?

Emerging adulthood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stages has the widest age range?

Middle adulthood Signup and view all the answers

In which stage are individuals likely to experience significant physical, cognitive, and social transitions due to adolescence?

Adolescence Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range for middle childhood?

6 to 12 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of developmental psychology?

Changes in behavior and mental processes throughout life Signup and view all the answers

In which context does developmental psychology primarily operate?

Lifespan changes in psychological functioning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would not typically be studied within developmental psychology?

Immediate emotional responses to trauma Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is central to the study of developmental psychology?

Lifespan perspective on human growth Signup and view all the answers

Which area of development is least likely to be a primary concern of developmental psychology?

Predicting future trends in technology Signup and view all the answers

Which period marks the beginning of prenatal development?

Germinal Period Signup and view all the answers

During which stage do significant bodily structures begin to develop?

Embryonic Period Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the fetal period?

Rapid growth and development of body fat Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes teratogens?

Harmful substances that can cause defects in prenatal development Signup and view all the answers

At what stage might a mother first feel fetal movements?

Fetal Period Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurs during the germinal period?

Implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall Signup and view all the answers

What role does body fat play in prenatal development at full-term?

It assists in thermal regulation and energy storage for survival. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT characterize the embryonic period?

Full development of body fat Signup and view all the answers

Which period follows the embryonic stage of prenatal development?

Fetal Period Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of biological study does epigenetics primarily focus on?

Cellular mechanisms that control gene expression Signup and view all the answers

In which ways can gene expression impact an organism?

Influencing both health and behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would NOT be a focus of research in epigenetics?

The role of nucleotide sequences in hereditary diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between epigenetics and environmental factors?

Epigenetics explains how environmental factors can alter gene expression. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a potential outcome of altered gene expression due to epigenetic changes?

Consistent changes to behavior patterns Signup and view all the answers

How do epigenetic mechanisms differ from genetic mechanisms?

Epigenetic mechanisms can operate independently of DNA structure. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the importance of epigenetics in health?

It offers insights into the interaction between genes and environment. Signup and view all the answers

What role does epigenetics play in behavioral studies?

Epigenetics can explain variations in behavior caused by external influences. Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the connection between epigenetics and disease prevention?

Understanding epigenetics may provide strategies for disease prevention. Signup and view all the answers