Biology Module 4 Chapter 10 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

How do scientists know how to name and group a newly discovered organism?

By using physical characteristics, behaviour, DNA, mating/reproductive methods, and cell structure.

What is the classification?

The process by which living organisms are sorted into groups that share similar characteristics.

What classification system do we use today?

The Linnaean classification system.

What does the Linnaean classification system consist of?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. Signup and view all the answers

Which acronym can help remember the classification system?

Does Katy Perry come over for great sushi? Signup and view all the answers

What were the seven groups in the most widely used classification system until recently?

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of the Linnaean classification system?

Observable features. Signup and view all the answers

Why did scientists add a further level of classification, known as Domain?

Based on recent studies of genetic material. Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Domain level placed in the classification hierarchy?

At the top of the hierarchy. Signup and view all the answers

When an organism evolves, what also evolves?

Their DNA. Signup and view all the answers

As DNA determines _, it in turn determines _

proteins, characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a protein that has changed in structure.

Haemoglobin. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three domains of life?

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya. Signup and view all the answers

What do the domains group organisms based on?

Differences in ribosomal RNA, cytochrome C, plasma membrane and lipid structure, and sensitivity to antibiotics. Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature does each domain contain?

A unique form of rRNA. Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of organisms within the Archaea domain?

Archaebacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of organisms within the Bacteria domain?

Eubacteria. Signup and view all the answers

What kingdoms are included in the Eukarya domain?

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia. Signup and view all the answers

What are the smallest units of classification?

Species. Signup and view all the answers

What is a species?

A group of organisms that are able to produce fertile offspring. Signup and view all the answers

Why do scientists classify organisms?

To identify species, predict characteristics, and find evolutionary links. Signup and view all the answers

What is binomial nomenclature?

A system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name consisting of the genus name followed by the species name. Signup and view all the answers

Why do we use binomial nomenclature?

So that scientists all over the world have a common name for each type of organism. Signup and view all the answers

What does the first word in a binomial name represent?

The Genus Signup and view all the answers

What is the rule for the second word in a scientific name?

It is always written in lower case. Signup and view all the answers

What are the reasons why the classification of an organism is important?

Enables scientists to share information, makes communication easy, provides information about an organism based on members of the same group, and allows accurate identification of an organism. Signup and view all the answers

Who previously grouped living organisms into two sections?

Aristotle. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification Overview

Scientists classify organisms using physical characteristics, behavior, DNA, mating methods, and cell structure.
Classification organizes living organisms into groups that share similar traits.

Linnaean Classification System

The current classification system is the Linnaean system, proposed by Carl Linnaeus in 1785.
Hierarchical structure: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Acronym to remember: "Does Katy Perry come over for great sushi?".
Historically, a seven-group classification model was used: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Domain Classification

Domains are the highest taxonomic rank above kingdoms, established to reflect genetic studies.
The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, created in 1990 as a broader classification level.
Domains group organisms based on differences in ribosomal RNA (rRNA), membrane structures, and antibiotic sensitivity.

Characteristics of Domains

Archaea:
- Prokaryotic with 70s ribosomes.
- RNA polymerase has 8-10 proteins.
- Kingdom: Archaebacteria.
Bacteria:
- Prokaryotic with 70s ribosomes.
- RNA polymerase contains 5 proteins.
- Kingdom: Eubacteria.
Eukarya:
- Eukaryotic with 80s ribosomes.
- RNA polymerase comprises 12 proteins.
- Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia.

Importance of Classification

Species is the smallest unit of classification, defined as a group of organisms capable of producing fertile offspring.
Classification helps identify species, predict characteristics, and find evolutionary links.
Binomial nomenclature, developed by Carl Linnaeus, names organisms using a two-word system (genus and species) to ensure global consistency.
Naming rules:
- Genus name capitalized, species name in lowercase.
- Italics for typed names and underlined for handwritten names (e.g., Homo sapiens).

Significance of Organism Classification

Facilitates information sharing among scientists.
Simplifies communication and provides insights based on group characteristics.
Ensures accurate identification of organisms.

Historical Context

Aristotle laid early groundwork for classification by grouping living organisms into two categories: animals and plants.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the classification and evolution of living organisms, covering key concepts and terminology. Explore how physical characteristics, behavior, and DNA influence the naming and grouping of species. Ideal for students studying biology at an advanced level.