DNA Replication Flashcards

Double Helix

Nucleotides

Uracil & Thymine

<p>Synthesis phase in Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single strand binding protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA Polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Okazaki Fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ligase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semi-Conservative</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Point Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storage of genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>S-phase of Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic: Nucleus. Prokaryotes: Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It complements the DNA during replication. It adds nucleotides to the copying strand of DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the enzyme responsible for opening or unzipping the double strand of DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It puts down the RNA primers that allow DNA polymerase to complement the lagging strand (5' side).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It re-combines the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand of DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA: A-T, G-C; RNA: A-U, G-U</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two daughter DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is part of an RNA template, made of 3 nitrogenous bases, responsible for making proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a single strand and doesn't have thymine (replaced by uracil).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mRNA, tRNA, rRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA is copied by mRNA. That template is transferred to a ribosome so a protein can be built.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the site of DNA replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell protection, selective permeability (letting things in and out of the cell)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speed up reactions and lower activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

The structure of DNA is a double helix, resembling a twisted ladder.

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, each containing a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

Adenine pairs with thymine in DNA, forming two hydrogen bonds.

Guanine pairs with cytosine in DNA, forming three hydrogen bonds.

DNA replication happens during the synthesis phase, or S phase, of interphase in the cell cycle.

Replication bubbles are areas where the DNA strands separate for replication, with two replication forks at each end.

Helicase is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix, separating the two strands.

Single-strand binding proteins stabilize the single strands of DNA during replication, preventing them from re-annealing.

DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the separated DNA strands, creating new complementary strands.

Primase lays down short RNA primers to initiate DNA replication, particularly on the lagging strand.

Okazaki fragments are short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand between RNA primers.

Ligase is a DNA-joining enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, forming a continuous strand.

A point mutation is a change in just one nucleotide base in a DNA sequence.

Insertion mutations involve the addition of one or more nucleotides into a DNA sequence, shifting the reading frame.

mRNA carries genetic information copied from DNA from the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

tRNA transfers specific amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis based on the mRNA code.

rRNA makes up part of the ribosome, where protein synthesis takes place.

Transcription refers to the process of copying genetic information from DNA into mRNA.

Translation refers to the process of building a protein chain from the mRNA template.

DNA acts as the storage of genetic information, containing the instructions for building and maintaining an organism.

The genetic code is universal, meaning the same codons specify the same amino acids in almost all organisms.

In eukaryotes, DNA replication occurs in the nucleus, while in prokaryotes, it takes place in the cytoplasm.

DNA replication is semi-conservative, meaning each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Chromatids are paired structures formed during cell division, with each chromosome containing two chromatids.

The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling the passage of substances.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.