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Questions and Answers
What is a primary characteristic of trematodes?
What is a primary characteristic of trematodes?
Which of the following is a feature of cestodes?
Which of the following is a feature of cestodes?
What distinguishes the pork tapeworm from the beef tapeworm?
What distinguishes the pork tapeworm from the beef tapeworm?
Which organism serves as an intermediate host for the beef tapeworm?
Which organism serves as an intermediate host for the beef tapeworm?
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What is a common feature of both trematodes and cestodes?
What is a common feature of both trematodes and cestodes?
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What type of symmetry do members of the Phylum Ctenophora exhibit?
What type of symmetry do members of the Phylum Ctenophora exhibit?
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What is the primary mode of nutrition for organisms in the Phylum Ctenophora?
What is the primary mode of nutrition for organisms in the Phylum Ctenophora?
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Which of the following characteristics is not associated with flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)?
Which of the following characteristics is not associated with flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)?
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Which class of Platyhelminthes is known for being free living and often exhibits high regenerative capacity?
Which class of Platyhelminthes is known for being free living and often exhibits high regenerative capacity?
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What type of body cavity do flatworms (Platyhelminthes) possess?
What type of body cavity do flatworms (Platyhelminthes) possess?
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What structure in flatworms functions as their excretory system?
What structure in flatworms functions as their excretory system?
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In the context of flatworms, what is the significance of the term 'hermaphrodites'?
In the context of flatworms, what is the significance of the term 'hermaphrodites'?
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Which of the following characteristics is not typical of the nervous system in flatworms?
Which of the following characteristics is not typical of the nervous system in flatworms?
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Study Notes
Phylum Ctenophora (Acnidaria)
- Belong to the Diblastica group
- Exhibit radial or biradial symmetry
- Are marine organisms
- Are carnivorous
- Possess an internal body cavity with a mouth and anal pores
- Many species are nearly transparent
- Have eight comb rows of fused cilia along their sides
- Possess colloblasts
- Do not have a larval stage of development
Members of Ctenophora
- Beröe ovata
- Venus' belt (Cestum veneris)
Flatworms (Plathelminthes)
- Belong to the Triblastica group
- Lack well-developed mesoderm
- Possess a schizocoel
- Have an acoelomate body plan
- Flattened shape
- Bilateral symmetry
- Lack segmentation
- Some are free living, others are parasitic, with hooks and suckers on body parts
General Characteristics (Cross Section of a Flatworm)
- Integumentary system with a single layer epidermis, cilia for movement and a protective cuticle
- Muscular system with longitudinal, circular, and oblique muscles
- Digestive system with a single opening and a branched gut
Body Systems
- Respiratory system relies on diffusion
- Circulatory system absent
- Excretory system involving protonephridia (flame cells)
- Nervous system is gangliated
- Sensory system with simple eyes (ocelli), statocysts for balance
- Reproduction is hermaphroditic with indirect development
Protonephridium
- Excretory system component
- Consists of flame cells, flagella, and a channel
Classes of Flatworms
- Turbellaria (Ploskulice): free-living, aquatic, some are colored, high regenerative capacity, hermaphroditic, herbivores or predators (e.g., Dendrocoelum lacteum)
- Trematodes (Motolce): ecto- or endoparasites, 1-30 mm long, oral and ventral suckers, lack cilia, hermaphrodites, (e.g., Fasciola hepatica)
- Cestodes (Pásomnice): endoparasites, up to 20 meters long, scolex (head) with hooks and suckers, lack a mouth, proglottids (body segments), hermaphroditic, can produce toxins (e.g., Taenia solium, Taenia saginata)
Representatives of Cestodes
- Beef tapeworm (Taenia saginata): 10 meters long, no hooks, cattle as intermediate host
- Pork tapeworm (Taenia solium): 8 meters long, has hooks, pig as intermediate host
Life Cycle of Pork Tapeworm
- Oncospheres hatch, penetrate intestinal walls, and circulate to musculature
- Oncospheres develop into cysticerci in muscle
- Humans infected by consuming raw or undercooked infected meat
- Scolex attaches to the intestine
- Adults in small intestines
- Eggs or gravid proglottids in feces, passed into the environment
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of Ctenophora and Flatworms in this quiz. Learn about their unique characteristics, body structures, and classification within the animal kingdom. Test your knowledge on these intriguing marine and parasite organisms.
