Biology Chapter on Cell Theory and Types
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Biology Chapter on Cell Theory and Types

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following types of reproduction involves two parents?

  • Sexual Reproduction (correct)
  • Regeneration
  • Fragmentation
  • Fission

    • Turner Syndrome is a condition that affects boys more than girls.

    False

    What is the genetic disorder characterized by having three copies of chromosome 21?

    Down Syndrome

    In _____________, new plants are obtained from the parts of old plants like stems, roots, and leaves.

    <p>Vegetative Propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following genetic disorders with their descriptions:

    <p>Down Syndrome = Three copies of chromosome 21 Klinefelter Syndrome = Extra X chromosome in males Turner Syndrome = Missing X chromosome in females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Controls substance entry and exit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lysosomes are known as the 'suicide bags' of the cell.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

    <p>Releases energy needed for cell activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The jelly-like substance that contains organelles in a cell is known as the ______.

    <p>cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the organelles with their functions:

    <p>Nucleus = Controls cell activities Chloroplasts = Photosynthesis Golgi Bodies = Transport and modify proteins Vacuole = Storage of materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about multicellular organisms is true?

    <p>They have specialized cells and functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately reflects the modern cell theory?

    <p>Cells are the basic unit of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The compound microscope uses only glass lenses to magnify images.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Protein production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'Cellula' means ______ in Latin.

    <p>small room</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scientists with their contributions:

    <p>Robert Hooke = Coined the term 'Cell' Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek = Father of Microbiology Matthias Jakob Schleiden = Co-founder of Cell Theory Rudolf Virchow = Observed cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these organelles is responsible for performing metabolism in animal cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited as the Father of Microbiology?

    <p>Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the microscope is responsible for magnifying the specimen?

    <p>Ocular Lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The G2 phase is responsible for DNA replication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of mitosis?

    <p>Growth, development, repair, and asexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ begins the mitotic phase when the nuclear envelope starts to break down.

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT part of the illuminating parts of a microscope?

    <p>Revolving Nosepiece</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the phases of the cell cycle with their primary activity:

    <p>G1 Phase = Cell growth and preparation for DNA replication S Phase = DNA replication and centrosome duplication G2 Phase = Final preparations and DNA error checking M Phase = Mitosis and cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytokinesis is the stage where the cell splits into two daughter cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In metaphase, chromosomes line up at the cell's __________.

    <p>equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of meiosis?

    <p>To produce sex cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meiosis results in the production of two daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?

    <p>Crossing-over between homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically __________ to the parent.

    <p>identical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stages of meiosis with their descriptions:

    <p>Prophase I = Chromosomes become visible and crossing-over occurs Metaphase II = Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell Anaphase I = Homologous chromosomes are separated Telophase II = Four haploid daughter cells are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is NOT involved in asexual reproduction?

    <p>Crossing-over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytokinesis I and II are identical in terms of their processes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction?

    <p>Involves the combination of gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Modern Cell Theory

    • All living organisms are made of cells
    • Cell is the basic unit of life
    • Cells form from pre-existing cells

    Prokaryotes

    • Unicellular
    • Ex: Bacteria, Archaea
    • DNA
    • Ribosomes
    • Cytoplasm
    • Cell Membrane
    • Cell Wall (most)
    • No membrane-bound organelles
    • Have Chloroplasts
    • No Nucleus

    Eukaryotes

    • Unicellular or Multicellular
    • Ex: Eukarya, Protists, Plants, Animals, Fungi
    • DNA
    • Ribosomes
    • Cytoplasm
    • Cell Membrane
    • Cell Wall (some)
    • Complex
    • With membrane-bound organelles
    • With Nucleus
    • Ribosomes (protein production)
    • Homeostasis (regulates material in/out of cell)

    Robert Hooke

    • Coined the term 'cell'
    • Used a compound microscope (30x magnification)
    • Examined cork

    Anton van Leeuwenhoek

    • Father of Microbiology
    • Microscope (300x magnification)
    • Discovered protozoa/bacteria ("animalcules")
    • Observed motility of organisms

    Robert Brown

    • Noticed Brownian motion (pollen grains jiggling)
    • Discovered the nucleus

    Matthias Jakob Schleiden

    • Studied plants
    • Co-founder of cell theory
    • Recognized the importance of the nucleus

    Theodore Schwann

    • German physiologist
    • Founded modern histology

    Cell Structure and Function (Page 2)

    • Cell: Basic unit of life
    • Cell membrane: Controls what enters/exits the cell
    • Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance, contains organelles
    • Organelles: Specialized parts of the cell with specific functions
    • Nucleus: Contains DNA, controls cell activities
    • Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, releases energy
    • Nucleolus: Produces ribosomes
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough): ribosomes attached, protein synthesis
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth): lipid synthesis, carbohydrate synthesis
    • Vacuole: Storage for water, food, and waste
    • Golgi Bodies (Apparatus): Modifies, packages, and transports proteins and lipids
    • Lysosomes: Waste disposal system, break down materials

    Microscope (Page 3)

    • Tool to view tiny organisms/objects
    • Magnification: How much larger an object appears
    • Resolution: Ability to distinguish between two points
    • Parts: Eyepiece, Objective Lenses (Low, High, Oil Immersion), Illuminating parts (Mirror, Iris Diaphragm, Stage Condenser), Mechanical parts (Body Tube, Revolving Nosepiece, Adjusting Knobs, Stage, Stage Clips, Arm, Base)
    • Compound Microscope: Uses visible light to form an image, glass lenses

    Mitosis and Cell Cycle (Page 4)

    • Mitosis: Cell division for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in somatic cells
    • Stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
    • G1 Phase: Cell growth
    • S Phase: DNA Replication
    • G2 Phase: Continued growth, checks/repairs errors

    Meiosis (Page 5)

    • Meiosis: Cell division for sexual reproduction
    • Meiosis I: Homologous chromosomes separate
    • Meiosis II: Sister chromatids separate
    • Creates four haploid daughter cells

    Sexual vs Asexual Reproduction (Page 5)

    • Asexual reproduction: One parent, offspring identical
    • Sexual reproduction: Two parents, offspring variation
    • Methods of asexual reproduction: Fission, Fragmentation, Regeneration, Vegetative Propagation, Spore Formation

    Cell Disorders (Page 6)

    • Klinefelter Syndrome: Extra X chromosome in males
    • Turner Syndrome: Missing or incomplete X chromosome in females
    • Down Syndrome: Three copies of chromosome 21

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamentals of modern cell theory and distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It highlights key historical figures like Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek, who made significant contributions to cell biology. Test your understanding of these essential concepts in cell structure and function.

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