Biology Chapter on Cell Theory and Structure
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Questions and Answers

Who coined the term 'cells'?

  • Theodor Schwann
  • Robert Hooke (correct)
  • Matthias Schleiden
  • Rudolph Virchow

Who was the first to observe living cells through a microscope?

  • Matthias Schleiden
  • Rudolph Virchow
  • Theodor Schwann
  • Anton van Leeuwenhoek (correct)

What does the Cell Theory state about living things?

  • All living things can exist without cells.
  • All living things are composed of cells. (correct)
  • All living things are composed of tissues.
  • All living things are composed of molecules.

According to the Cell Theory, what is the basic unit of life?

<p>Cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Cell Theory state about the origin of cells?

<p>Cells can only come from preexisting cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the binary fission process?

<p>Cell growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after the cell growth in binary fission?

<p>DNA replicates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a result of binary fission?

<p>Two identical daughter cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the appearance of a cell during binary fission?

<p>The cell divides into two identical cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In binary fission, what best describes the role of DNA?

<p>It duplicates for cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is present in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

<p>Lack of a nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell structure is associated with bacteria?

<p>Prokaryotic cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

<p>Presence of organelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the discovery of eukaryotic cells?

<p>Robert Brown (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

<p>Protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the cell membrane do?

<p>Controls entry and exit of materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nuclear pores?

<p>Control the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Synthesis of lipids and steroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cilia in a cell?

<p>To move the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell is responsible for controlling movement within the cell?

<p>Microtubules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural feature is unique to plant cells?

<p>Cell wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

<p>Diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

<p>To capture sunlight and convert it to energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chloroplasts in a plant cell?

<p>To capture and convert energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'equilibrium' refer to in the context of concentration?

<p>An even distribution of solute in a solvent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is passive transport primarily characterized by?

<p>Movement from high to low concentration without energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between diffusion and kinetic energy?

<p>Diffusion is driven by the kinetic energy of molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concentration of a solution measure?

<p>The amount of solute in a defined volume of solvent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary movement of water during osmosis?

<p>From a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

<p>The cell shrinks due to water moving out (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about isotonic solutions is true?

<p>There is no net movement of water molecules across the membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do cold conditions generally have on molecules?

<p>They contract and decrease in size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is turgor pressure?

<p>The cell's internal pressure resulting from water movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an increase in temperature have on the rate of diffusion?

<p>It increases the rate of diffusion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for the uptake of small particles into a cell?

<p>Pinocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do carbohydrate chains and protein channels function in facilitated diffusion?

<p>They change shape to allow larger molecules and ions to pass through. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects the diffusion rate by determining how quickly a molecule can move through a medium?

<p>Molecular size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of endocytosis in a cell?

<p>To transport substances into the cell. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of placing a cell in a hypotonic solution?

<p>The cell expands and may burst. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during plasmolysis in a cell?

<p>Water moves from the cell to its environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the process of osmosis, water moves from which area?

<p>From hypotonic to hypertonic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which description best illustrates cytolysis?

<p>The interior fluid of the cell increases, potentially leading to rupture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'plasmolysis' refers to the process where:

<p>Cells lose water and shrink in high solute environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport moves materials from high concentration to low concentration without the use of energy?

<p>Passive Transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process requires energy to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell?

<p>Sodium-Potassium Pump (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of endocytosis?

<p>It involves the cell membrane engulfing materials. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes pinocytosis?

<p>Transport of small particles or liquids into the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the sodium-potassium pump?

<p>It requires energy to function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Theory

The idea that all living things are made up of one or more cells.

Robert Hooke

A scientist who observed cells in cork and coined the term 'cells'.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

A scientist who observed living cells in pond water for the first time.

Theodor Schwann

A scientist who stated that all animals are made of cells.

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Matthias Schleiden

A scientist who stated that all plants are made of cells.

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Eukaryotic cell

A type of cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus containing DNA and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Prokaryotic cell

A type of cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. DNA is located in the cytoplasm.

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Nucleus

The control center of a eukaryotic cell, containing DNA.

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Organelles

Specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions.

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Cell Membrane

The cell membrane acts like a gatekeeper, deciding which molecules can enter and leave the cell. It keeps the cell safe and allows for regulated movement of essential materials.

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Bacteria

Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other organelles. They are prokaryotic.

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DNA

DNA resides in the nucleus and contains the genetic instructions for the cell's activities.

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Ribosomes

Ribosomes are like tiny factories within the cell that manufacture proteins. They use the instructions from DNA to create these essential building blocks.

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Smooth ER

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the synthesis of steroids and the detoxification of harmful substances. It acts like a detoxifying system.

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Vacuole

Vacuoles are storage compartments within the cell. They hold water, nutrients, and waste products.

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Binary Fission

The process by which single-celled organisms reproduce asexually, creating two identical daughter cells.

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Cell growth in Binary Fission

The cell increases in size before dividing.

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DNA replication in Binary Fission

The cell's DNA is duplicated to ensure both daughter cells have a complete set of genetic material.

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Cell division in Binary Fission

The cell splits into two identical daughter cells.

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Identical daughter cells in Binary Fission

The two daughter cells produced through binary fission are identical to the original parent cell.

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Cilia

Tiny hair-like structures that protrude from the cell surface, aiding in cell movement.

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Flagellum

A whip-like structure that propels a cell through fluid.

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Cytoskeleton

A network of protein fibers that provides shape, support, and allows movement within the cell.

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Diffusion

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, driven by the random motion of particles.

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Concentration

The amount of a substance dissolved in a given amount of solution.

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Equilibrium

The state where the concentration of a substance is evenly distributed throughout a space. No net movement occurs.

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Passive Transport

The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the cell using energy. It follows the concentration gradient.

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Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant cells that is responsible for capturing energy from sunlight and converting it into chemical energy (glucose) during photosynthesis.

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What is an isotonic solution?

Solutions with the same concentration of solutes. This means that the concentration of solutes outside the cell is the same as the concentration inside the cell, so there is no net movement of water molecules.

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What is a hypertonic solution?

Solutions with a higher concentration of solutes. In this case, there is a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside, so water moves out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink.

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What is a hypotonic solution?

Solutions with a lower concentration of solutes. In this case, there is a lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside, so water moves into the cell, causing the cell to swell.

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What is turgor pressure?

Pressure exerted on the cell membrane due to the movement of water into the cell through osmosis.

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What is osmosis?

The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.

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Osmosis

The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.

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Cytolysis

The bursting of a cell due to excess water intake caused by osmosis. This occurs when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution.

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Plasmolysis

The shrinking of a cell due to water loss caused by osmosis. This occurs when a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution.

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Hypotonic Solution

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes than the cell's cytoplasm.

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Hypertonic Solution

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes than the cell's cytoplasm.

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What affects diffusion rate? - Molecule Size

The rate of diffusion is affected by this, larger molecules move slower than smaller molecules.

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What affects diffusion rate? - Temperature

This affects diffusion rate, warmer temperatures lead to faster diffusion, colder temperatures lead to slower diffusion.

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Endocytosis

The process of transporting substances into the cell.

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Phagocytosis

This type of endocytosis involves taking in larger particles.

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Sodium-Potassium Pump

A type of active transport that moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, using energy from ATP. This is crucial for nerve and muscle function.

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