Biology Chapter on Body Substances and Hormones
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the role of bile in digestion?

  • Emulsifies fats, aiding in their digestion (correct)
  • Converts carbohydrates into simple sugars
  • Breaks down proteins into amino acids
  • Neutralizes stomach acid

    • Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of secondary male characteristics?

  • Testosterone (correct)
  • Estrogen
  • Cortisol
  • Progesterone

    • In what form does matter exist when it has a variable composition?

  • Compound
  • Pure substance
  • Element
  • Mixture (correct)

    • What is the primary function of a calorie, as described in the text?

    <p>To measure the heat needed to increase the temperature of water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly pairs a macromolecule with its basic unit and connecting bond?

    <p>Nucleic acids, nucleotides, hydrogen and covalent bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tropism is exhibited when a plant's roots grow towards a water source?

    <p>Hydrotropism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a basic functional unit of nucleic acids?

    <p>Nucleotide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of heat in the fire triangle?

    <p>To initiate the ignition process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Excretion

    The process of removing waste products and excess substances from the body.

    Bile

    A substance produced by the liver that helps break down fats in the digestive system.

    Testosterone

    The male sex hormone responsible for developing male secondary characteristics.

    States of matter

    The three common states of matter found in the environment.

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    Pure substance

    A substance that is made up of only one type of atom or molecule.

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    Calorie

    The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

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    Macromolecules

    Large complex molecules essential for life, composed of smaller repeating subunits.

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    Tropism

    A response of a plant to a specific stimulus, such as light, water, touch, or gravity.

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    Study Notes

    Substances in the Body

    • Various substances are taken into the body, and excretion removes unusable molecules/compounds.
    • Bile emulsifies fats during digestion.
    • The liver produces bile, stored in the gallbladder, to break down fats.

    Hormones

    • Testosterone is the male hormone.
    • Estrogen and progesterone are female sex hormones.
    • These hormones affect secondary sex characteristics and bodily functions (menstruation, pregnancy).
    • They regulate biochemical processes within cells.

    Matter

    • Matter exists as pure substances (elements/compounds) or mixtures (homogeneous/heterogeneous).
    • Mixtures have variable composition.
    • Three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

    Energy in Compounds

    • Chemical energy is measured in calories.
    • One calorie is the heat needed to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
    • This energy is stored in the chemical bonds of biochemical compounds.

    Macromolecules

    • Four major macromolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
    • Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides connected by glycosidic bonds.
    • Proteins: Amino acids connected by peptide bonds.
    • Lipids: Fatty acids connected by ester bonds.
    • Nucleic acids: Nucleotides connected by hydrogen and covalent bonds.

    Plant Growth Responses

    • Tropisms are responses to stimuli and promote growth.
    • Examples of tropisms: phototropism (light), hydrotropism (water), thigmotropism (touch), geotropism (gravity).

    Nucleic Acids

    • Nucleic acids exist as DNA or RNA.
    • The basic unit of nucleic acids is a nucleotide.
    • Nucleotides are composed of nitrogenous bases, phosphate groups, and sugar groups.

    Combustion

    • Combustion requires oxygen, fuel, and heat.
    • Oxygen supports combustion.
    • Fuel is the combustible material.
    • Heat initiates the combustion process by raising temperature.
    • Fire extinguishers remove one of these factors to stop fire.

    Plant Classification

    • Flowers can be classified as complete or incomplete, and perfect or imperfect, based on the presence or absence of floral parts (carpel, stamen, corolla, calyx).

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    Description

    This quiz covers the composition of various substances in the body, the role of hormones, the states of matter, and the energy contained in biochemical compounds. Test your knowledge on macromolecules and how they interact within biological systems.

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