Science and Technology PDF

# Science and Technology Various substances are taken into the human body. Through excretion, this process causes the removal of not useful or needed molecules or compounds in the body. Bile causes emulsification of fats. In digestion, the liver produces the bile and the secretion is stored in the...

# Science and Technology Various substances are taken into the human body. Through excretion, this process causes the removal of not useful or needed molecules or compounds in the body. Bile causes emulsification of fats. In digestion, the liver produces the bile and the secretion is stored in the gallbladder for degradation of lipid molecules. The male hormone is testosterone, while female sex hormones are estrogen and progesterone. Testosterone promotes the secondary male characteristics, while estrogen for females regulates menstruation and progesterone aids during pregnancy. Hence, hormones control the cells' biochemical components and the reactions. There are 3 common phases of matter in the environment namely: solid, liquid, and gas. The matter may exist as pure substance or as a mixture. Pure substance has fixed composition such as element or compound. Mixtures have variable composition and can be a homogeneous mixture or a heterogeneous mixture. Calorie from the chemical compounds is measured in the amount of heat needed to increase 1 gram of water to 1 degrees centigrade. This energy utilized is generated from the chemical bonds of biochemical materials. In the human body, there are 4 major macromolecules particularly, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each macromolecule has its distinct basic unit and connecting bond respectively: for carbohydrates, monosaccharides and glycosidic bonds; for proteins, amino acids and peptide bonds; for lipids, fatty acids and ester bonds; and nucleic acids, nucleotides with types of bonds - hydrogen and covalent bonds. Tropism is the response to certain stimuli and may promote growth. Stimuli can be light, water, touch and gravity. Here are the tropisms for its respective stimuli: phototropism, response to light; hydrotropism, response to water; thigmotropism, response to touch; and geotropism, response to gravity. Nucleic acid on a living organism may exist in two forms namely: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). For these organic molecules, the basic functional unit is the nucleotide and it is composed of nitrogenous bases, phosphate group, and sugar group. Oxygen, fuel, and heat are needed to produce fire. Oxygen maintains the carbon combustion, fuel serves as the combustible material, and the heat starts the ignition process by increasing the temperature. Fire extinguisher targets the removal of any of these requirements to stop the fire. Based on carpel, stamen, corolla, and calyx, flowering plants can be classified as complete, incomplete, perfect, and/or imperfect. A complete flower if it has carpel, stamen, corolla, and calyx; incomplete flower if it lacks at least one among those four; perfect flower if it has carmel and stamen, and imperfect flower if it lacks at least one among those four.