Biology Chapter: Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA?

  • To regulate gene expression
  • To facilitate the bonding of nucleotides
  • To provide structural support to the molecule (correct)
  • To carry genetic information

    • What is the role of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

  • To regulate gene expression
  • To facilitate the bonding of nucleotides
  • To provide structural support to the molecule
  • To carry genetic information (correct)

    • What type of nucleic acid contains the base uracil (U)?

  • DNA
  • RNA (correct)
  • tRNA
  • mRNA

    • What is the molecular basis of inheritance?

    <p>The sequence of nucleotides in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nucleotides in DNA?

    <p>To carry genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of covalent bonds in DNA?

    <p>To join nucleotides together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

    <p>DNA contains thymine (T), while RNA contains uracil (U)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural component of DNA that is composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases?

    <p>Polynucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the AUG codon?

    <p>To act as a start codon or code for methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amino acid coded by the codon UUU?

    <p>Phenylalanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following codons is a stop codon?

    <p>UAA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amino acid coded by the codon CUC?

    <p>Leucine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nitrogenous bases is not a part of the RNA codon table?

    <p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amino acid coded by the codon GUG?

    <p>Valine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a function of nucleotides?

    <p>Cell signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the first base in an RNA codon?

    <p>Determines the amino acid coded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular basis of inheritance?

    <p>DNA structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of nucleic acid?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in the sugar molecule between DNA and RNA nucleotides?

    <p>Deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of nucleotides are required to build all the DNA molecules in a cell?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecule?

    <p>To pair with each other in a specific manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the discovery of DNA's structure by Watson and Crick?

    <p>It explained the molecular basis of inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of uracil in RNA molecules?

    <p>It replaces thymine in RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the nitrogenous bases A and G pair with each other?

    <p>G pairs with C, forming three hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of types of nucleotides required to build both DNA and RNA molecules in a cell?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the sugar-phosphate backbone in the Watson-Crick DNA model?

    <p>Outside the double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

    • DNA and RNA are nucleic acids and are composed of chains of nucleotides.
    • A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and a phosphate group.
    • The nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
    • RNA contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
    • The sugar-phosphate backbone is formed by the phosphate and sugar components of nucleotides.

    DNA Structure

    • DNA is a double helix, where the sugar-phosphate backbone is on the outside and the nitrogenous bases are paired in the interior.
    • Nitrogenous bases pair in a specific manner: A pairs with T, forming two hydrogen bonds, and G pairs with C, forming three hydrogen bonds.
    • The specific pairing of bases gives the helix a uniform shape.

    RNA Structure

    • RNA codons consist of three nitrogenous bases.
    • The sequence of RNA codons determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins.
    • There are 64 possible RNA codons, each specifying one of the 20 amino acids or a stop signal.

    Comparison of DNA and RNA Nucleotides

    • DNA nucleotides contain the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA nucleotides contain the sugar ribose.
    • DNA contains the nitrogenous base thymine (T), while RNA contains uracil (U).
    • A cell should contain at least 4 types of nucleotides to build all the DNA and RNA molecules.

    Watson-Crick Model

    • James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the double-helix DNA model in 1953.
    • They, along with Maurice Wilkins, were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for their discoveries on the structure of DNA and its significance in inheritance.

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    Learn about the structure and composition of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, and their building blocks, nucleotides.

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