Biology Chapter: Nitrogenous Waste and Kidney Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the most toxic form of nitrogenous waste that requires a large amount of water for elimination?

  • Uric Acid
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Ammonia (correct)
  • Urea
  • Which group of animals is primarily associated with ureotelism?

  • Mammals and many terrestrial amphibians (correct)
  • Bony fishes
  • Reptiles and birds
  • Aquatic insects
  • How do ammonotelic animals primarily excrete ammonia?

  • By diffusion across body surfaces or gills (correct)
  • As pellets or pastes to conserve water
  • Through specialized excretory organs like kidneys
  • By converting it to urea first
  • Which nitrogenous waste is excreted with minimal water loss, often in the form of pellets or pastes?

    <p>Uric Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do ureotelic animals primarily use to convert ammonia into a less toxic substance?

    <p>Conversion to urea in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the kidney contains the structures known as calyces?

    <p>Renal pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate weight range of an adult human kidney?

    <p>120-170 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the correct anatomical location of the kidneys?

    <p>Between the last thoracic vertebra and third lumbar vertebra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer surrounds and protects the kidney?

    <p>Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the inner section of the kidney where medullary pyramids are located?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure carries blood away from the glomerulus?

    <p>Efferent arteriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

    <p>Reabsorbing nutrients from filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of the nephron encloses the glomerulus?

    <p>Bowman's capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the nephron is specifically involved in the formation of urine through the process of filtration?

    <p>Glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures make up the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Bowman's capsule and glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the structure of Henle's loop?

    <p>Henle's loop has both ascending and descending limbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) in the nephron?

    <p>Reabsorption of water and electrolytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

    <p>Juxtamedullary nephrons primarily function in urine concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process do substances move from the blood into the filtrate in the nephron?

    <p>Secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the peritubular capillary network play in renal physiology?

    <p>To facilitate reabsorption and secretion around renal tubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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