Biology Chapter: Nervous & Endocrine Systems
89 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following are the main components that the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of?

  • Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems
  • Cranial and Spinal Nerves (correct)
  • Brain and Spinal Cord
  • Sensory and Motor Neurons (correct)

    • If a person experiences a sudden increase in their blood pH, what will happen within the body to counteract this change in pH?

  • The body will release less carbon dioxide, decreasing acidity.
  • The body will release less oxygen, increasing acidity.
  • The body will release more carbon dioxide, increasing acidity. (correct)
  • The body will release more oxygen, decreasing acidity.

    • What is the primary function of melanin in the skin?

  • Production of sweat to cool the body.
  • Providing structural integrity to the skin.
  • Protection from ultraviolet radiation. (correct)
  • Secretion of oil to lubricate the skin.

    • Which of the following is the primary waste product excreted by the sweat glands that is produced from the breakdown of proteins and the buildup of ammonia?

    <p>Urea, which is formed in the liver. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the central nervous system (CNS)?

    <p>Cranial Nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Regulates involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary function of the somatic nervous system?

    <p>Controlling voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is the correct pairing of the nervous system components and their functions?

    <p>Autonomic Nervous System: Regulates involuntary functions, Somatic Nervous System: Controls voluntary movements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is primarily responsible for the stability of nitrogen gas (N2)?

    <p>Triple covalent bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme, encoded by the AIDS virus, facilitates the conversion of viral RNA into DNA?

    <p>Reverse transcriptase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What macromolecule forms the structural framework of a cell's cytoskeleton?

    <p>Proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many protons are present in a lithium atom, given an atomic number of 3 and a mass number of 7?

    <p>3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a segment of a DNA strand has the sequence 5' AGCTAGCGT 3', what would the sequence of its complementary strand be?

    <p>3' TCGATCGCA 5' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of water is primarily responsible for its ability to dissolve certain substances?

    <p>Polarity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of using a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

    <p>Reaction acceleration and completion time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is responsible for producing and releasing antibodies?

    <p>Plasma B cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is responsible for the attraction between water molecules, giving water its unique properties?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes?

    <p>They provide energy to activate a reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a type of nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis?

    <p>Both DNA and RNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is the primary energy currency of cells?

    <p>ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond holds amino acids together to form proteins?

    <p>Peptide bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process converts light energy into chemical energy in plants?

    <p>Photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Presence of a cell wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?

    <p>Nucleic acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytokines in the immune response?

    <p>They directly activate other immune cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is primarily responsible for bone formation?

    <p>Osteoblasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the control group in an experiment?

    <p>To provide a standard of comparison for the experimental group. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart?

    <p>Superior vena cava (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell has the potential to develop into any cell type in the body?

    <p>Totipotent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between genes and DNA sequence?

    <p>Genes are segments of DNA that carry specific genetic information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the experiment involving coffee filters and terminal velocity, what is the independent variable?

    <p>The number of coffee filters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT covered by the pleura?

    <p>Heart (B), Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What point on a phase diagram depicts the coexistence of solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance?

    <p>Triple Point (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason chloride ions have a negative charge?

    <p>They gained an electron. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between osteoblast and osteoclast activity in osteoporosis?

    <p>Osteoblast activity decreases, while osteoclast activity remains normal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a cross between a heterozygous red-flowered plant (Rr) and a white-flowered plant (rr), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

    <p>2 red : 2 white (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a cross results in all offspring having smooth leaves, what can be concluded about the parental genotypes?

    <p>Both parents must have the recessive allele for smooth leaves. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between pH values and acidity?

    <p>A pH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than a pH of 4. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The release of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) primarily results in which physiological response?

    <p>Increased water reabsorption in the collecting duct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason new scientific findings are published?

    <p>Allowing other scientists to validate or disprove the findings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a change that happens when a solid transitions into a liquid?

    <p>Particles become less ordered (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of urea in the body?

    <p>To eliminate nitrogenous wastes from the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura?

    <p>The visceral pleura is the inner layer, and the parietal pleura is the outer layer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the critical temperature?

    <p>The highest temperature at which a liquid phase can form (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a plant heterozygous for red flowers (Rr) is crossed with a white-flowered plant (rr), which of the following offspring genotypes are possible?

    <p>Rr, rr (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following has the highest hydrogen ion concentration?

    <p>A substance with a pH of 2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the collecting duct in the kidney?

    <p>Reabsorbing water and electrolytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a crucial aspect of the peer review process in scientific publishing?

    <p>Preventing other scientists from conducting similar experiments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the difference between the critical point and the triple point?

    <p>The critical point is the point at which a gas and liquid phase are indistinguishable, while the triple point is the point at which all three phases coexist. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the release of anti-diuretic hormone often triggered by dehydration?

    <p>ADH causes the body to conserve water, increasing blood volume and pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the centrosome in animal cells?

    <p>Microtubule organization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organic molecules is characterized by containing both an amine group and a carboxyl group?

    <p>Proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which endocrine gland is responsible for synthesizing antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

    <p>Hypothalamus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion binds to the troponin complex, initiating muscle contraction?

    <p>Calcium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following microorganisms is characterized by a lack of its own metabolic pathways and can only reproduce inside a host cell?

    <p>Viruses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The movement of water through aquaporins embedded in the plasma membrane of a cell in a hypertonic solution is best described as which of the following?

    <p>Osmosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering the recent discovery that worm infection can relieve certain autoimmune disorders, how should the hypothesis regarding parasitic infections be modified?

    <p>Worm infection reduces certain autoimmune disorders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a plant where fuzzy leaves (F) are dominant over smooth leaves (f), which of the following crosses will produce only offspring with smooth leaves?

    <p>ff by ff (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the equator of the cell?

    <p>Metaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Packaging and modification of proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is responsible for linking amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain?

    <p>Peptide bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide that serves as an energy storage molecule in plants?

    <p>Starch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a process that requires active transport?

    <p>Movement of glucose across the cell membrane from an area of low concentration to high concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which cells engulf large particles or other cells?

    <p>Phagocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a chlorine atom when it becomes a chloride ion?

    <p>It gained an electron. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of soap allows it to effectively wash dirt off hands with water?

    <p>Soap's dual polar and nonpolar nature helps bond oil and water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is primarily responsible for filtering blood and removing germs?

    <p>Spleen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Galactose and glucose, resulting from lactose breakdown, are classified as what?

    <p>Monosaccharides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure facilitates the rotation of the skull on the neck?

    <p>Atlas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What state does a substance exist in at its triple point?

    <p>Simultaneously in solid, liquid, and gas phases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process utilizes an electrochemical gradient to produce ATP?

    <p>Chemiosmosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is responsible for secreting bone material?

    <p>Osteocyte (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spinal region consists of the highest number of vertebrae?

    <p>Thoracic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT involved in the process of releasing a reproductive egg?

    <p>Fertilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas?

    <p>Neutralizing the acidity of chyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate threshold value for mammalian neurons, at which they are more likely to generate an action potential?

    <p>-55 mV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessels are directly impacted during a myocardial infarction?

    <p>Coronary arteries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which carbon dioxide from the blood moves into the alveoli?

    <p>Diffusion down a concentration gradient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of a tsunami?

    <p>Earthquakes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the atomic number of an atom with 12 protons and 12 neutrons?

    <p>The number of protons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is nitrogen gas (N2) considered an extremely stable molecule?

    <p>It has a triple bond between the two nitrogen atoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of events in the female reproductive cycle, starting with the maturation of an ovarian follicle?

    <p>Oogenesis, Ovulation, Menstruation, Fertilization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the pancreas in the digestive system?

    <p>Production of bile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why the threshold potential is significant for neuron function?

    <p>It is the point at which a neuron becomes more excitable and likely to fire an action potential. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary function of the vena cava?

    <p>Carrying deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between passive transport and active transport?

    <p>Active transport requires energy, while passive transport does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of a blockage in the coronary arteries?

    <p>Stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the role of diffusion in gas exchange is correct?

    <p>Diffusion involves the movement of gases from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the atomic mass of an atom not directly determined by its atomic number?

    <p>Atomic mass is influenced by the number of neutrons, which is not reflected in the atomic number. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nervous System

    • Major parts of the nervous system are the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS).

    Blood pH Buffering

    • Carbonic acid (D) donates H+ ions to act as a buffer when blood pH rises.

    UV Protection

    • Melanin (D) protects the body from ultraviolet rays.

    Waste Excretion

    • Urea (C) is excreted by sweat glands in response to protein breakdown and ammonia formation.

    Pleura Covering

    • The lungs (B) are covered by the pleura, a connective tissue sheath.

    Phase Diagrams

    • A substance held at a temperature and pressure where solid, liquid, and gaseous states coexist is called the triple point (B).

    Genetics

    • If a heterozygous red flower (Rr) is bred with a white flower (rr) plant, the expected phenotypic ratio in the next generation will be 2 red to 2 white flowers (A).

    pH Scale

    • A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4 (D).

    Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

    • ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting duct (D).

    Scientific Publishing

    • For new scientific findings to be published, other scientists need to validate or discredit the findings (B).

    Solid-Liquid Transition

    • As solids transition into liquids, particles become less ordered (A), resulting in increased mobility and distance between particles.

    Ovulation

    • Ovulation (B) is the process where an ovarian follicle matures and releases an egg.

    Pancreas Function

    • Sodium bicarbonate (A) from the pancreas neutralizes the acidity of chyme (food in the small intestine).

    Neuron Threshold

    • The threshold value for mammalian neurons is approximately -55 mV (B).

    Myocardial Infarction

    • A myocardial infarction (heart attack) affects the coronary arteries (A).

    Carbon Dioxide Removal

    • Carbon dioxide moves from blood to alveoli by diffusion down a concentration gradient (B).

    Tsunami Cause

    • Earthquakes (A) are a common cause of tsunamis.

    Atomic Number

    • An atom with 12 protons and 12 neutrons has an atomic number of 12 (C).

    Nitrogen Stability

    • Nitrogen gas (N2) is extremely stable due to triple covalent bonds (C).

    AIDS Virus Replication

    • Reverse transcriptase (B) allows the AIDS virus to insert viral DNA into host T-cells. Converting RNA into DNA.

    Cytoskeleton

    • Proteins (A) form the cytoskeleton.

    Lithium Atom

    • A lithium atom with an atomic number of 3 and a mass number of 7 has 3 protons (D).

    Complementary DNA Strand

    • If a DNA strand reads 5' AGCTAGCGT 3', the complementary strand reads 3' TCGATCGCA 5' (C).

    Water's Solvent Properties

    • Water's polarity (B) is the primary reason it dissolves certain substances.

    Catalysts in Reactions

    • Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions by lowering activation energy, completing the reactions faster (C).

    Antibody Production

    • Plasma B cells (C) produce and release antibodies.

    Centrosome Function

    • Centrosomes organize microtubules in animal cells (D).

    Organic Molecules

    • Proteins (D) contain both amine and carboxyl groups.

    Antidiuretic Hormone Synthesis

    • The hypothalamus (C) synthesizes antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

    Muscle Contraction

    • Calcium ions (D) initiate muscle contraction by binding to the troponin complex.

    Microorganisms

    • Viruses (B) are microorganisms that lack metabolic pathways and rely on a host cell for reproduction.

    Hypertonic Solutions

    • Osmosis (C) involves water movement through aquaporins in hypertonic solutions.

    Worm Infections and Autoimmune Disorders

    • Worm infections may reduce certain autoimmune disorders (A).

    Plant Leaf Crossing

    • A cross between two smooth-leaved plants (ff x ff) will result in offspring with only smooth leaves (B).

    Immune Cell Activation

    • Cytokines (B) are released by immune cells to directly activate other immune cells.

    Osteoporosis

    • Osteoporosis occurs from a decline in osteoblast activity while osteoclast activity is unchanged (B).

    Experimental Design

    • The control group (A) is used as a standard of comparison for the experimental group.

    Oxygenated Blood

    • Pulmonary veins (A) carry oxygenated blood.

    Totipotent Cells

    • Totipotent cells can develop into any cell type (B).

    DNA Sequencing

    • Genes (D) are used to determine a person's DNA sequence.

    Terminal Velocity

    • Heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects (D) because gravity's force is greater.

    Chloride Ion Charge

    • Chloride ions (Cl-) gain an electron to have a negative charge (C).

    Soap Function

    • Soap's dual polar and nonpolar nature lets it bind oil and water (A), making it helpful for washing.

    Immune Structures and Function

    • The spleen (C) removes germs from the blood.

    Lactose Breakdown Products

    • Galactose and glucose (D) resulting from lactose breakdown are monosaccharides.

    Skull Rotation

    • The atlas (C), the first cervical vertebra, allows skull rotation.

    Triple Point

    • The triple point (C) is the temperature and pressure where all three phases (solid, liquid, gas) exist simultaneously.

    ATP Production

    • Chemiosmosis (A) uses an electrochemical gradient to create ATP.

    Bone Material Secretion

    • Osteocytes (D) secrete bone material.

    Spinal Regions

    • The thoracic region (A) has the highest number of vertebrae (12).

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the components and functions of the peripheral and central nervous systems, as well as the role of hormones and enzymes within the body. This quiz covers essential concepts in biology regarding physiological responses and cellular structures. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand these crucial biological systems!

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser