Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which class of biomolecules includes glucose and glycogen?
Which class of biomolecules includes glucose and glycogen?
What type of linkage connects monosaccharides in a disaccharide?
What type of linkage connects monosaccharides in a disaccharide?
Which protein structure is characterized by hydrogen bonding between the backbone of the amino acid chain?
Which protein structure is characterized by hydrogen bonding between the backbone of the amino acid chain?
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
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Which of the following is a feature of phospholipids?
Which of the following is a feature of phospholipids?
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In DNA, which base pairs with adenine?
In DNA, which base pairs with adenine?
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What distinguishes the quaternary structure of a protein?
What distinguishes the quaternary structure of a protein?
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Which of the following options correctly identifies the elements found in lipids?
Which of the following options correctly identifies the elements found in lipids?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Composed of C, H, and O, with a 1:2:1 ratio
- Monomer: Monosaccharide (e.g., glucose)
- Structural: Cellulose (plant cell walls), Chitin (fungal cell walls and exoskeletons)
- Storage: Starch (plants), Glycogen (animals)
- Disaccharides: Two monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages (e.g., sucrose, lactose, maltose)
- Starch vs. Cellulose: Different arrangement of glucose monomers leads to differing properties
Proteins
- Composed of C, H, O, N, and sometimes S
- Monomer: Amino acid
- Bond: Peptide bond (between carboxyl and amino groups)
- Levels of protein structure: Primary (amino acid sequence), Secondary (alpha helix or beta sheet), Tertiary (3D structure), Quaternary (multiple polypeptide chains)
- Quaternary structure involves interactions between different polypeptide chains
Nucleic Acids
- Composed of C, H, O, N, and P
- Monomer: Nucleotide
- Bond: Phosphodiester linkage (between phosphate and hydroxyl groups)
- Directionality: 5' to 3'
- DNA: Double-stranded, deoxyribose sugar, bases A, T, C, G
- RNA: Single-stranded, ribose sugar, bases A, U, C, G
Lipids
- Composed of C, H, and O
- All lipids are nonpolar
- Types:
- Fats (triglycerides): 3 fatty acids and glycerol; saturated (no double bonds) or unsaturated (at least one double bond)
- Phospholipids: 2 fatty acids, glycerol, phosphate, and polar head group; amphipathic (both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions)
- Steroids: Four fused rings; function in hormone regulation and membrane structure. Examples include cholesterol.
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Description
Test your knowledge of macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. This quiz covers the composition, structure, and functions of these essential biological molecules. Challenge yourself to differentiate between various types of carbohydrates and proteins.
