Biology Chapter: Macromolecules and Their Building Blocks

Study Notes

Polymers and Monomers

Polymers are large molecules made up of repeated smaller units known as monomers.
Monomers serve as building blocks essential for forming macromolecules.

Macromolecules

Macromolecules are complex structures composed of thousands to hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules.
They are vital for numerous biological functions and processes in living organisms.

Carbohydrates (CHO)

Common carbohydrates include glucose, sucrose, lactose, glycogen, and chitin.
Carbohydrates serve as primary energy sources and structural components in cells.

Lipids (CH)

Lipids encompass fats, oils, and waxes, which primarily function in energy storage.
They play an important role in cellular structure and signaling.

Proteins (CHON)

Proteins are constructed from amino acids and are crucial for structure, support, and cell growth.
Many proteins function as enzymes, which accelerate chemical reactions in the body, often identified by the suffix "ase."

Amino Acids

Amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of proteins.
There are twenty standard amino acids, each contributing unique properties to protein structure and function.

Nucleic Acids (CHONP)

Nucleic acids include deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
These molecules are key to storing and transmitting genetic information.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

DNA is responsible for holding and preserving genetic information and codes necessary for inheritance and development.

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

RNA plays a critical role in the synthesis of proteins and the expression of genetic information by creating the genetic code required for translation into proteins.

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of macromolecules, including polymers and monomers. This quiz covers carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, highlighting their structures and biological functions. Test your understanding of these essential biomolecules in living organisms.