Questions and Answers
The four elements that comprise 96% of living matter are __________.
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
Covalent bonds occur when __________.
electrons are shared between atoms
Hydrogen bonds are similar to ionic bonds because __________.
they both are due to opposite charge attractions
In a chemical reaction, ___________ join to form __________.
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What will be the effect on a chemical reaction if the concentration of reactants is increased?
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A substance that is very acidic may have a pH of 1 or 2. This means that the acidic substance __________.
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A buffer will release H+ ions if the blood pH __________.
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The four major organic compounds that comprise our bodies are __________.
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The major function of carbohydrates in the body is __________.
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Which type of reaction occurs when biological molecules are broken down?
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The three major subclasses of lipids include phospholipids, steroids, and __________.
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The major building block for proteins is __________.
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An enzyme's ____________ is the molecule upon which an enzyme acts.
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Increasing the concentration of an enzyme's substrate (up to a point) would ___________ the reaction.
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Study Notes
Essential Elements of Life
- Four elements make up 96% of living matter: carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
Chemical Bonds
- Covalent bonds form through the sharing of electrons between atoms.
- Hydrogen bonds, like ionic bonds, result from attractions between oppositely charged particles.
Chemical Reactions
- In a chemical reaction, reactants undergo transformation to produce products.
- Increasing the concentration of reactants accelerates the reaction speed.
Acidity and pH
- A pH of 1 or 2 indicates a highly acidic substance, characterized by a high concentration of H+ ions.
Buffers and pH Regulation
- Buffers release H+ ions when blood pH increases (becomes more basic), helping maintain acid-base balance.
Major Organic Compounds
- The four primary organic compounds in our bodies are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Functions of Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates serve as the primary cellular fuel in the body.
Biological Reactions
- Hydrolysis reactions involve the breakdown of biological molecules.
Lipid Subclasses
- The three main subclasses of lipids are phospholipids, steroids, and triglycerides.
Proteins
- Amino acids are the fundamental building blocks of proteins.
- An enzyme's substrate is the specific molecule that an enzyme acts upon.
Enzyme Function
- Increasing enzyme substrate concentration (to a certain limit) can enhance the speed of the reaction.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of life through this quiz focusing on essential elements, chemical bonds, and reactions. Delve into the significance of pH, buffers, and major organic compounds crucial for biological functions. Test your understanding of how these components interact in living organisms.
