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Questions and Answers
Which of the following describes prokaryotes?
Eukaryotes reproduce mainly by cell division.
False
What type of organism primarily lives on decaying organic matter?
Fungi
Algae are green organisms that do not have __________.
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Match the following organisms with their defining characteristics:
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Lactobacilli are harmful bacteria.
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What is the primary component of fungal cell walls?
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What is the organ of locomotion in an amoeba?
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The type of bacteria that is comma-shaped is called __________.
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Match the types of bacteria with their shapes:
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Study Notes
Kingdom Monera
- Single-celled organisms known as bacteria or blue-green algae
- Organisms are prokaryotes
Classification by Size
- Ranked in ascending order of size:
- Viruses
- Bacteria
- Algae
- Fungi
Fungi
- Cell wall consists of chitin
- Can be visualized under an electron microscope
- Reproduction:
- Sexual reproduction
- Asexual reproduction through cell division or budding
- Protozoa reproduce through simple cell division
Classification of Organisms
- Living organisms are divided into two groups: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
- Prokaryotes belong to the Kingdom Monera.
- Eukaryotes belong to Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plants, and Animals.
- Living organisms can be classified as either unicellular (Monera and Protista) or multicellular (Protista, Fungi, Plants, and Animals).
Taxonomy
- Living organisms are classified using a hierarchical system.
- The system categorizes organisms into:
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
Binomial Nomenclature
- The binomial system names organisms using two words: genus and species.
Viruses
- Viruses can only be seen under an electron microscope.
- They can only survive within a living plant or animal cell.
- They cause various diseases in plants and animals.
Bacteria
- Some examples:
- Vibrio cholerae
- Salmonella Typhi
Fungi
- Non-green, eukaryotic, and heterotrophic organisms.
- Most fungi are saprotrophs.
- They feed on decaying organic matter.
Human Viruses
- Examples: Polio Virus, Influenza Virus, HIV AIDS
Plant Viruses
- Examples: Tomato Wilt Virus, Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Notes about the Five Kingdom Classification
- Kingdom: Monera - Contains organisms that are single-celled or unicellular, also known as bacteria and blue-green algae. These organisms are prokaryotes.
- Kingdom: Protista - Classified into three categories: Protozoa, Algae, and Slime Mould.
- Kingdom: Fungi - Heterotrophic organisms that feed on decaying organic matter.
- Kingdom: Plantae - Includes all plant life.
- Kingdom: Animalia - Includes all animal life
Nutrition in Organisms
- All living organisms need carbon.
Reproduction in Organisms
- Some organisms reproduce sexually.
- Some organisms reproduce asexually by cell division or budding.
- Protozoa reproduce through simple cell division.
- The mode of nutrition differs drastically amongst kingdoms.
Whittaker's Classification Method (Five Kingdom Classification)
- Advantages:
- Unicellular and multicellular organisms are classified separately.
- The mode of nutrition differs significantly between kingdoms.
- Five kingdom classification is more natural than two kingdom classification.
Additional information
- Carl Linnaeus divided the living world into two kingdoms: Vegetabilia and Animalia.
- The National Institute of Virology in India conducts research on viruses.
- Microorganisms are the largest group of living organisms.
- The 2011 census estimated 87 million species of living organisms on the Earth (including land and sea).
- Viruses do not have cells or components as they are not considered living.
- Viruses reproduce asexually through replication.
- Protozoa are single-celled organisms.
- Fungal cell walls consist of a tough and complex sugar called chitin.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of Kingdom Monera, which includes single-celled organisms such as bacteria and blue-green algae. This quiz covers classification by size, the characteristics of fungi, and the hierarchical system of taxonomy used to classify living organisms into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts of biology!
