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What is the major role of blood in maintaining homeostasis?
What is the major role of blood in maintaining homeostasis?
The major role of blood in maintaining homeostasis is to transport nutrients and oxygen, regulate water content in tissues, and help maintain body temperature.
Describe the composition of blood in terms of percentage for fluid and solid components.
Describe the composition of blood in terms of percentage for fluid and solid components.
Blood is composed of 55% fluid and 45% solid components.
How are red blood cells (RBCs) involved in gas exchange?
How are red blood cells (RBCs) involved in gas exchange?
Red blood cells (RBCs) carry oxygen to tissues and transport some carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.
What distinguishes white blood cells (WBCs) in terms of their response to infections?
What distinguishes white blood cells (WBCs) in terms of their response to infections?
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What is the significance of hemoglobin in the function of red blood cells?
What is the significance of hemoglobin in the function of red blood cells?
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What are the potential implications of anemia on the body?
What are the potential implications of anemia on the body?
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How do platelets function in the clotting process?
How do platelets function in the clotting process?
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In what ways do the lifespans of RBCs and WBCs differ?
In what ways do the lifespans of RBCs and WBCs differ?
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Study Notes
Internal Transport
- All vertebrates and some invertebrates have a closed circulatory system; most invertebrates have an open system.
- Blood maintains homeostasis.
- Functions of blood:
- Transports nutrients and oxygen.
- Maintains water content.
- Maintains body temperature.
- Protects against diseases.
Blood Composition
- A 150-pound person has about 5 liters of blood and 100,000 miles of blood vessels.
- Blood is 55% fluid (plasma) and 45% solid (formed elements).
Plasma (fluid component)
- 92% water.
- Contains proteins (e.g., fibrinogen).
- Salts maintain acid-base balance.
- Sugars (e.g., glucose), amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol.
- Vitamins, minerals, antibodies, enzymes, and waste products.
Formed elements (solid part)
- Red blood cells (erythrocytes):
- Formed in red and yellow bone marrow.
- Shaped like Junior Mints, lack a nucleus.
- Life span of 90-120 days.
- Contain hemoglobin (iron-containing compound) which carries oxygen and some carbon dioxide.
- Anemia is a condition caused by lack of RBCs or improper formation. Types are iron deficiency, sickle cell anemia, and excess bleeding or lead poisoning.
- White blood cells (leukocytes):
- Formed in red marrow and lymph nodes.
- May be multi-nucleated, 1.5-2 times larger than RBCs.
- Capable of changing shape.
- Life spans vary, but several days is typical and possibly shorter if there's an infection.
- Crucial in phagocytosis (engulfing and destroying foreign particles) and producing antibodies.
- Leukemia is a condition with excessively high and misformed WBC counts.
- Platelets (thrombocytes):
- Produced in red marrow.
- Lack a nucleus, life span of several weeks.
- Important in blood clotting.
- Thromboplastin is a chemical released from damaged blood vessels to initiate clotting, along with prothrombin from the liver, calcium, vitamin K, and thrombin. Fibrinogen in the plasma leads to fibrin, which forms a net to trap RBCs and platelets.
- Heparin is a liver-produced substance that dissolves blood clots in the bloodstream.
- Hemophilia is a disease where blood doesn't clot properly.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of internal transport and blood composition in vertebrates and invertebrates. This quiz covers the functions of blood, its composition, and the roles of plasma and formed elements. Test your knowledge on how blood contributes to homeostasis and overall health.
