COPY: Biology Chapter: Energy and Respiration

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Questions and Answers

What is produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast?

  • Alcohol and carbon dioxide (correct)
  • Lactic acid
  • Glucose and oxygen
  • Carbon dioxide and water

Which statement describes anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?

  • It produces lactic acid without carbon dioxide. (correct)
  • It uses oxygen to release energy.
  • It occurs in the mitochondria.
  • It produces alcohol.

Which of the following best distinguishes aerobic respiration from anaerobic respiration?

  • Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen. (correct)
  • Anaerobic respiration produces more energy than aerobic respiration.
  • Aerobic respiration produces lactic acid.
  • Aerobic respiration requires glucose only.

What is the main reason muscle cells switch to anaerobic respiration during vigorous exercise?

<p>To continue energy production when oxygen supply is low. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which cellular location does anaerobic respiration take place?

<p>In the cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about anaerobic respiration?

<p>It produces a large amount of energy from glucose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism primarily undergoes anaerobic respiration to produce alcohol?

<p>Yeast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaerobic respiration in plants during short periods?

<p>They convert glucose into alcohol. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of alveoli in the human breathing system?

<p>To facilitate the exchange of gases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of gas exchange surfaces enhances their efficiency?

<p>They have a large surface area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to carbon dioxide during aerobic respiration?

<p>It is produced as a waste product and must be removed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do goblet cells play in the respiratory system?

<p>To produce mucus to trap dust and moisten air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are the trachea and bronchi supported by rings of cartilage?

<p>To prevent collapse and maintain open pathways for airflow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does air enter the body through the respiratory system?

<p>Through either the nose or mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of gas exchange surfaces allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse efficiently?

<p>They are extremely thin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cilia in the respiratory system?

<p>To move mucus and trap particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nutrient used by cells to provide energy?

<p>Glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do most of the reactions in aerobic respiration occur?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs when cells release energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen?

<p>Anaerobic respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a product of aerobic respiration?

<p>Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of energy supplied by respiration in human cells?

<p>Transmitting nerve impulses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the balanced equation for aerobic respiration?

<p>$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities would most likely increase breathing rate?

<p>Running (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not a reason why cells need energy?

<p>Building DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the brain to send nerve impulses to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to increase breathing rate?

<p>A fall in pH due to high carbon dioxide or lactic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs in the mitochondria and requires oxygen?

<p>Aerobic respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main byproduct of anaerobic respiration in humans?

<p>Lactic acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in humans is primarily responsible for gas exchange?

<p>Alveoli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an increase in temperature have on the rate of respiration in yeast until a certain point?

<p>The rate increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does physical activity affect the rate and depth of breathing?

<p>It increases them to supply extra oxygen to muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the muscles involved in breathing when exhaling?

<p>They relax, allowing the thorax volume to decrease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of gas exchange surfaces in terrestrial animals?

<p>They have a large surface area and thin walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cartilage in the trachea?

<p>To prevent the trachea from collapsing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During inspiration, which statement is true regarding the diaphragm?

<p>It contracts and moves downwards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the volume of the thorax during expiration?

<p>It decreases as the diaphragm relaxes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles assist in expanding the thorax during inhalation?

<p>Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does gas exchange primarily occur in the respiratory system?

<p>In the alveoli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the rate of breathing primarily regulated?

<p>By the brain monitoring blood pH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do bronchioles play in the respiratory system?

<p>They transport air to the alveoli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the rib cage is raised during inhalation?

<p>The thorax's volume increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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