Biology Chapter: Cells and Tissues

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of root hair cells?

To conduct water and minerals.

To absorb water and minerals. (correct)

To store carbohydrates.

To provide support.

Which characteristic allows xylem cells to efficiently transport water?

A large vacuole.

High concentration of cytoplasm.

Presence of cross walls.

Lignified walls. (correct)

What adaptation allows muscle cells to perform their function effectively?

Ability to conduct electricity.

Presence of strong cell walls.

Very low number of mitochondria.

Storage of carbohydrates in the form of glycogen. (correct)

How does the structure of xylem contribute to its function?

They lack cytoplasm to facilitate easy water movement. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a main characteristic of invertebrates mentioned?

They have segmented bodies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitochondria in muscle cells?

To produce energy for contraction. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe a modified cell?

Normal skin cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of pits in the structure of xylem cells?

To facilitate the distribution of water and minerals. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines modification in cells?

A change in shape or structure to perform a specific function. Signup and view all the answers

What is magnification in the context of imaging?

How much larger an image appears compared to the actual size. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main characteristics of insects?

The body is divided into head, thorax, and abdomen Signup and view all the answers

Which class of arthropods includes species with compound eyes?

Insects Signup and view all the answers

How do insects primarily adapt to hide from enemies?

By being small in size Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of arthropods regarding their body structure?

Segmented bodies grouped into distinct regions Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of jointed legs do insects have?

Three pairs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary material composing the exoskeleton of arthropods?

Chitin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of insects?

Large size for visibility Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature do arachnids possess that differentiates them from insects?

Two body segments Signup and view all the answers

Which class of arthropods is characterized by having a wide range of leg pairs, varying from one to multiple pairs?

Myriapods Signup and view all the answers

What role do antennae play in insects?

They serve as sensory organs Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure and Function

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms.
Examples include palisade cells and kidney cells.

Tissue

Tissues consist of groups of similar cells performing specific functions.
Examples are xylem and phloem in plants.

Organ

Organs are composed of multiple tissues working together for particular functions.
Examples include leaves, roots, liver, and heart.

Organ System

Organ systems consist of groups of organs that perform closely related functions.
Examples include the circulatory and respiratory systems in animals, and the shoot and root systems in plants.

Modification

Cell modification refers to changes in shape or structure for specific functions.

Modified Cells

Root Hair Cells
- Adapted for water and mineral absorption.
- Features include finger-like projections for increased surface area, high mitochondrial content for energy, and large vacuoles for osmosis.
Xylem Cells
- Specialized for conduction of water and minerals.
- Adaptations include fine tubes for capillary action, lignified walls for support, pits for fluid distribution, and absence of cross walls and cytoplasm to facilitate fluid movement.
Muscle Cells
- Modified for contraction and movement.
- Characteristics include high numbers of mitochondria, ability to respire anaerobically for energy, glycogen storage for energy, and contractile filaments in the cytoplasm.
Other Modified Cells
- Examples include ciliated epithelium, sperm cells, and red blood cells.

Magnification

Magnification indicates how much larger an image appears compared to the actual object.
Use a triangle method to calculate magnification or actual length.

Characteristics of Invertebrates

Many invertebrates have segmented bodies with flexible joints for movement.
Possess exoskeletons made of chitin for protection and support.
Typically have pairs of jointed legs for enhanced mobility.
Segments are often grouped into distinct regions such as head, thorax, and abdomen.

Main Classes of Arthropods

Key classes include insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and myriapods.

Class Insects

Body structure divided into head, thorax, and abdomen.
Three pairs of jointed legs and one pair of antennae.
Possess compound eyes, with some species having simple eyes.

Adaptations of Insects

Compound eyes enable wide vision.
Antennae are used for sensory reception.
Small size aids in evading predators.
Jointed legs allow for quick movement.
Segmented bodies facilitate movement.
Exoskeleton provides protection and support.

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Description

Explore the fundamental units of life in this quiz covering cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Understand the structural and functional significance of various cell types and their role in multicellular organisms. Test your knowledge with examples from both plants and animals.