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Questions and Answers
Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing energy in the cell?
Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing energy in the cell?
- Ribosomes
- Cell Membrane
- Mitochondria (correct)
- Nucleus
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
- Regulates entry and exit of substances (correct)
- Synthesizes proteins
- Controls cell division
- Stores nutrients and waste
Which of the following statements is part of cell theory?
Which of the following statements is part of cell theory?
- Cells are incapable of performing life activities.
- Cells can spontaneously generate from non-living matter.
- All living things are made up of one or more cells. (correct)
- All cells are identical in structure and function.
What characteristic of living things allows them to respond to changes in their environment?
What characteristic of living things allows them to respond to changes in their environment?
In what way do plant cells differ from animal cells regarding vacuoles?
In what way do plant cells differ from animal cells regarding vacuoles?
What is the primary role of DNA in cells?
What is the primary role of DNA in cells?
Why is it advantageous for cells to remain small rather than grow larger?
Why is it advantageous for cells to remain small rather than grow larger?
Which process describes the movement of water into or out of a cell?
Which process describes the movement of water into or out of a cell?
What type of reproduction involves two parents contributing genetic material?
What type of reproduction involves two parents contributing genetic material?
Which of the following is a primary function of cell division in organisms?
Which of the following is a primary function of cell division in organisms?
During asexual reproduction, the offspring are
During asexual reproduction, the offspring are
What is diffusion in the context of cellular processes?
What is diffusion in the context of cellular processes?
How many pairs of chromosomes are organized when a human cell is about to replicate?
How many pairs of chromosomes are organized when a human cell is about to replicate?
What is the primary function of roots in plants?
What is the primary function of roots in plants?
What role do capillaries play in the circulatory system?
What role do capillaries play in the circulatory system?
Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is true?
Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is true?
In which part of the plant does sexual reproduction primarily occur?
In which part of the plant does sexual reproduction primarily occur?
How do nutrients from digested food enter the bloodstream?
How do nutrients from digested food enter the bloodstream?
What process describes how living organisms access energy?
What process describes how living organisms access energy?
What is one of the major functions of the stem in plants?
What is one of the major functions of the stem in plants?
Which of the following is NOT a function of leaves?
Which of the following is NOT a function of leaves?
What is the primary function of the small intestine?
What is the primary function of the small intestine?
Which organ is responsible for producing insulin?
Which organ is responsible for producing insulin?
How does the stomach aid in digestion?
How does the stomach aid in digestion?
What is the role of the pyloric valve?
What is the role of the pyloric valve?
What type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
What type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Which of the following correctly describes capillaries?
Which of the following correctly describes capillaries?
Which part of the heart receives blood from the body?
Which part of the heart receives blood from the body?
How long does it take for a tumor to be felt under the skin, given the typical doubling time of cells?
How long does it take for a tumor to be felt under the skin, given the typical doubling time of cells?
Which of the following is considered a carcinogen?
Which of the following is considered a carcinogen?
Which of the following methods is NOT used for cancer detection?
Which of the following methods is NOT used for cancer detection?
What is the main purpose of regular cancer screening?
What is the main purpose of regular cancer screening?
What type of cell can divide and differentiate into specialized cells?
What type of cell can divide and differentiate into specialized cells?
Which type of stem cells is found in differentiated tissues or organs and plays a role in maintenance and repair?
Which type of stem cells is found in differentiated tissues or organs and plays a role in maintenance and repair?
What is one consequence of using X-rays in detecting cancer, particularly for pregnant women?
What is one consequence of using X-rays in detecting cancer, particularly for pregnant women?
Which of the following foods is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer?
Which of the following foods is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer?
Which treatment for cancer involves the surgical removal of tumors?
Which treatment for cancer involves the surgical removal of tumors?
What can be attached to an endoscope to help in cancer diagnosis?
What can be attached to an endoscope to help in cancer diagnosis?
What characteristic of cancer cells can help medical professionals identify them?
What characteristic of cancer cells can help medical professionals identify them?
How does chemotherapy specifically target cancer cells?
How does chemotherapy specifically target cancer cells?
Which of the following statements about specialized cells is true?
Which of the following statements about specialized cells is true?
What is one benefit of studying stem cells in medicine?
What is one benefit of studying stem cells in medicine?
What is the primary function of sweat glands?
What is the primary function of sweat glands?
Which part of the muscular system is entirely controlled by the nervous system?
Which part of the muscular system is entirely controlled by the nervous system?
What is the main role of the skeletal system?
What is the main role of the skeletal system?
How do the respiratory and circulatory systems cooperate?
How do the respiratory and circulatory systems cooperate?
What is the significance of neurons in the nervous system?
What is the significance of neurons in the nervous system?
What is the primary role of sebaceous glands?
What is the primary role of sebaceous glands?
At birth, how many bones does a newborn baby have compared to an adult human?
At birth, how many bones does a newborn baby have compared to an adult human?
Which system works with the muscular system to help maintain posture?
Which system works with the muscular system to help maintain posture?
What is the primary role of the lymphatic system?
What is the primary role of the lymphatic system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
Which process occurs when muscles are active during exercise?
Which process occurs when muscles are active during exercise?
What is the function of the endocrine system?
What is the function of the endocrine system?
What are the main components of the nervous system?
What are the main components of the nervous system?
Which statement best describes homeostasis?
Which statement best describes homeostasis?
Flashcards
What is a cell?
What is a cell?
The smallest and most basic unit of life that can carry out all the essential life functions.
What is the cell theory?
What is the cell theory?
The cell theory states that all living things are composed of one or more cells, cells are the fundamental unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
What is cytoplasm?
What is cytoplasm?
The jelly-like substance within a cell that contains the organelles.
What is the nucleus?
What is the nucleus?
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What is the cytoskeleton?
What is the cytoskeleton?
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What is DNA and where is it located?
What is DNA and where is it located?
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What are chromosomes and how do they relate to DNA?
What are chromosomes and how do they relate to DNA?
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What is cell division?
What is cell division?
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Why is cell division important?
Why is cell division important?
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What is diffusion?
What is diffusion?
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What is osmosis?
What is osmosis?
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What is asexual reproduction?
What is asexual reproduction?
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What is sexual reproduction?
What is sexual reproduction?
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What is the esophagus?
What is the esophagus?
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What is the stomach?
What is the stomach?
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What is the liver?
What is the liver?
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What is the gallbladder?
What is the gallbladder?
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What is the pancreas?
What is the pancreas?
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What is the small intestine?
What is the small intestine?
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What is the large intestine?
What is the large intestine?
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What is the pyloric valve?
What is the pyloric valve?
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Doubling time
Doubling time
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Carcinogen
Carcinogen
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Cancer screening
Cancer screening
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Superfoods
Superfoods
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Endoscope
Endoscope
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Biopsy
Biopsy
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X-ray
X-ray
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MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
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Stem cell
Stem cell
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Differentiation
Differentiation
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Skeletal System
Skeletal System
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Embryonic stem cells
Embryonic stem cells
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Respiratory System
Respiratory System
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Circulatory System
Circulatory System
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Adult/Tissue stem cells
Adult/Tissue stem cells
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Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy
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Digestive System
Digestive System
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Radiation
Radiation
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Excretory System
Excretory System
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Endocrine System
Endocrine System
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Specialized cell
Specialized cell
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Lymphatic System
Lymphatic System
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Muscular System
Muscular System
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Nervous System
Nervous System
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Reproductive System
Reproductive System
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Integumentary System
Integumentary System
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis
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Alveoli
Alveoli
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Blood Capillaries
Blood Capillaries
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Gas Exchange
Gas Exchange
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Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration
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Roots
Roots
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Stem
Stem
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Leaves
Leaves
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Flower
Flower
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
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Study Notes
Cells
- Living things have a lifespan, grow, reproduce, repair, respond to the environment, need energy, and produce waste.
- The cell is the smallest, most basic unit of life, exhibiting characteristics of living things. Most cells incorporate a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and vacuoles.
- Cell theory asserts all organisms are composed of one or more cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Animal and plant cells
- Organelles in both plant and animal cells: Nucleus (controls cell activity, holds DNA), Cytoplasm (jelly-like substance where reactions occur), Cell membrane (regulates what enters and exits the cell), Mitochondria (produces energy), Ribosomes (protein synthesis), Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER synthesizes proteins, Smooth ER synthesizes lipids/detoxifies), Golgi Apparatus (modifies, packages proteins), Vacuoles (store materials), Lysosomes (break down waste), and Cytoskeleton (structure/movement).
- Organelles only in plant cells: Cell wall (provides rigidity), Chloroplasts (photosynthesis), and Large central vacuole (supports cell via turgor pressure).
- Organelles only in animal cells: Centrioles (organize cell division).
Cell growth and cell division
- DNA controls cell activity through instructions for cell growth, structure, and maintenance (DNA is the central control).
- Cells need water, nutrients, ions, and oxygen, Smaller cells have high efficiency in nutrient access.
- Cell division is crucial for growth, healing, and reproduction. One parent cell generates two identical copies.
- Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes and there are different numbers amongst other species.
Cells and Cancer
- Cell division is controlled by checkpoints ensuring cells divide only when needed; these checkpoints prevent excessive or uncontrolled mitosis.
- Uncontrolled division of cells causes tumors (masses of growing cells). Benign tumors do not affect surrounding tissues, only through physical crowding. Conversely, malignant tumors affect surrounding tissues; they are cancerous.
- Cancer is uncontrolled cell division caused by uncontrolled cell division despite messages to stop, with these cells continuing to grow and divide.
Cell Structure
- Cell division is regulated by checkpoints in the nucleus; cells receive messages at these checkpoints to determine if they need to divide, continue, or self-destruct.
- Cells do not divide if there are signals from neighbouring cells preventing division, insufficient nutrients, or when DNA is not yet replicated or damaged.
The Cell Cycle
- The cell cycle stages: interphase (normal cell processes and DNA duplication), mitosis (DNA division), and cytokinesis (cytoplasm division).
- Cells duplicate their DNA in preparation for division during cell cycle interphase
- Mitosis is the division of DNA in the nucleus during cell cycle mitosis.
- Cytokinesis is the final division of the cytoplasm
- Cell cycle checkpoints ensure proper cell division and prevent uncontrolled cell division or disease, such as cancer.
- Cancer development can result when cell checkpoints are not followed, leading to uncontrolled cell division, tumor growth, and potential spread.
Other systems
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Endocrine: Glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate diverse bodily functions.
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Integumentary: Skin and accessory structures (nails, hair) protect, regulate body temperature, and support sensory receptors.
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Muscular: Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles enable movement, maintain posture, and circulate blood.
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Nervous: Neurons form a network to regulate body functions and coordinated responses.
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Circulatory: Blood transportation system using the heart and blood vessels.
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Excretory: Kidneys and related structures filter waste products from blood maintaining water, electrolyte levels.
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Reproductive: Organ systems in animals are involved in reproduction.
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Respiratory: Facilitates gas exchange (O2 and CO2) between the body and environment.
Digestive System
- The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules nutrients for absorption.
- Organs: Mouth (chewing), Salivary Glands, Esophagus, Stomach, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Pyloric Valve.
Frog dissection
- Frogs have a three-chambered heart (two atria and one ventricle).
- They use skin and lungs for respiration.
- Frog anatomy involves various internal organs.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of cells in this quiz, covering the essential characteristics of living things and detailed information about animal and plant cells. Delve into cell theory and the roles of various organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes, and lysosomes. Test your knowledge and understanding of the basic unit of life!
