Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of these statements correctly describes why cells are small?
Which of these statements correctly describes why cells are small?
Imagine two species that have evolved from a common ancestor. One species lives in a forest with plenty of short, shallow flowers, while the other lives on a plain with tall, deep flowers. What type of evolutionary pressure might have driven the development of longer beaks in the species that lives on the plain?
Imagine two species that have evolved from a common ancestor. One species lives in a forest with plenty of short, shallow flowers, while the other lives on a plain with tall, deep flowers. What type of evolutionary pressure might have driven the development of longer beaks in the species that lives on the plain?
Which of the following statements accurately describes a key difference between Archaea and Bacteria?
Which of the following statements accurately describes a key difference between Archaea and Bacteria?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that distinguishes plants from animals?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that distinguishes plants from animals?
Signup and view all the answers
A scientist discovers a new organism that lives in a harsh, acidic environment. Based on its cell wall structure, the scientist hypothesizes that it is related to Archaea. What specific characteristic of the organism would support the scientist's hypothesis?
A scientist discovers a new organism that lives in a harsh, acidic environment. Based on its cell wall structure, the scientist hypothesizes that it is related to Archaea. What specific characteristic of the organism would support the scientist's hypothesis?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cell Size and Function
- Cells are small because their volume increases faster than their surface area.
- Small cells are more efficient in moving nutrients and waste products.
- Limits to cell size: the ratio of surface area to volume, the efficiency of moving materials, and DNA efficiency.
The Cell Cycle
- S Phase: DNA is duplicated.
- Mitosis: The nucleus divides.
- Cytokinesis: The cell splits into two daughter cells.
Mitosis
- Ensures that daughter cells have the same DNA as the parent cell.
Cell Theory
- All living things are made of cells.
- Cells are the basic unit of life.
- All new cells come from pre-existing cells.
Plant vs. Animal Cells
- Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.
- Both plant and animal cells have cell membranes and mitochondria.
Cell Membrane
- Composed of fats (phospholipids) with water-attracting heads and water-repelling tails.
- Controls what enters and exits the cell.
Protein Production
- Ribosomes create proteins.
- The Golgi apparatus packages and sorts proteins.
Evolution
- Species change over time due to natural selection.
- Example: Birds with longer beaks may thrive if food is deep within trees.
Speciation
- Geographic isolation: A physical barrier separates a population.
- Reproductive isolation: Populations stop interbreeding.
Mutations
- DNA changes.
- Drive evolution by creating differences.
Darwin's Observations
- Island species are similar to mainland species but adapted to new environments.
Classification
- Scientific names are used (e.g., Felis catus for a cat).
- Archaea and bacteria are both single-celled, but archaea have distinct cell walls.
Characteristics of Life
- Composed of cells.
- Respond to the environment.
- Grow, reproduce, use energy.
Kingdom Differences
- Animals: Move, don't produce their own food.
- Plants: Stay in one place, make their own food using sunlight.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers key concepts about cells, including their size, the cell cycle phases, and differences between plant and animal cells. Test your knowledge on cell theory, mitosis, and the functions of cell membranes. Perfect for students studying cellular biology!
