Think IB - Biology Mitosis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the four phases of mitosis? (Select one)

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (correct)

Prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase

Prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase

Anaphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase

How did Pasteur's experiment with sterile broth in open flasks demonstrate the principle that cells only come from preexisting cells? (Select one)

By demonstrating that sterile broth fermented in contact with air.

By demonstrating that sterile broth would not ferment in contact with air alone. (correct)

By demonstrating that the air contained microbes.

By demonstrating that broth would not ferment if sterile.

Which of the following properties is necessary for emergent properties to occur? (Select one)

Cells or tissues interact to function as a unit (correct)

Cells or tissues are differentiated

The system is evolving

The system is complex

Which of the following organelles are surrounded by a single membrane? (Select one)

Rough endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are properties of cholesterol found in plasma membranes? (Select one)

Reduces permeability of the membrane to hydrophilic ions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are properties of phospholipids? (Select one)

They have a hydrophobic fatty acid region Signup and view all the answers

Why is the medium in which a donor organ for transplant bathed in an isotonic medium? (Select one)

The organ must not lose or gain water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause the formation of a primary tumor, or cancer? (Select one)

Oncogenes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events happens during mitosis in a plant cell? (Select one)

Condensation of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the movement of water molecules in osmosis? (Select one)

From a dilute to a more concentrated solution across a membrane Signup and view all the answers

How can the mitotic index be used in the diagnosis of cancer?

The mitotic index measures how fast the cells are dividing; a high mitotic index may indicate cancerous cells. Signup and view all the answers

List two sources of stem cells that can be used in therapeutic treatment.

The patient's own tissues or donated tissues; the fetal umbilical cord; early-stage embryos. Signup and view all the answers

Outline two similarities between the structure of prokaryote cells and eukaryote cells.

Both have a plasma membrane and ribosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Outline the role of cyclins in living cells.

Cyclins control different stages of the cell cycle by activating proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Describe one type of cell that is atypical to the concept of cell theory.

Striated muscle has multiple nuclei along a single muscle fiber. Signup and view all the answers

Describe one piece of evidence that falsified the Davson-Danielli model in support of the Singer-Nicholson model.

Freeze-etching revealed that proteins are embedded within the phospholipid bilayer. Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'cell differentiation'.

Cell differentiation is the process by which an undifferentiated cell becomes a specialized cell. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the evidence which supports the endosymbiotic theory of the evolution of the eukaryotic cell.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes, 70s ribosomes, and self-replicate, indicating a prokaryotic origin. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mitosis Phases

Sequence of mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

Pasteur's Experiment

Showed sterile broth does not ferment in contact with air alone, indicating cells arise from preexisting cells.

Emergent Properties

Occur when cells or tissues interact to function as a unit within complex biological systems.

Organelle Membranes

Rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes are surrounded by a single membrane.

Cholesterol in Membranes

Properties: reduces permeability to hydrophilic ions, is amphipathic, and reduces fluidity of the membrane.

Phospholipids

Features: hydrophilic phosphate head, forms a bilayer in water, amphipathic structure, and hydrophobic fatty acid region.

Isotonic Medium for Donor Organs

Ensures that the organ must not lose or gain water, maintaining cellular integrity.

Tumor Formation

Primary tumours can arise from oncogenes and mutagens, not proto-oncogenes or metastasis.

Plant Cell Mitosis

Chromosome condensation occurs during prophase, while cell wall formation is part of cytokinesis and not strictly mitosis.

Osmosis

Movement of water molecules occurs from a dilute to a more concentrated solution across a membrane.

Mitotic Index and Cancer

Higher mitotic index indicates faster cell division and potential cancer presence; it correlates with survival and treatment outcomes in cancers.

Sources of Stem Cells

Patient's own tissues, donated tissues, fetal umbilical cord blood, and early-stage embryos.

Similarities of Cell Types

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes share plasma membranes, ribosomes, and contain DNA.

Cyclins Role

Control cell cycle stages; their concentrations rise and fall to activate proteins for reactions specific to each cell cycle stage.

Atypical Cells and Cell Theory

Striated muscle cells have multiple nuclei; giant algae contain a single nucleus; hyphal fungi have many nuclei within a single hypha.

Evidence Against Davson-Danielli Model

Freeze-etching revealed proteins deeply embedded in membranes, contradicting the model's assertion about protein placement.

Cell Differentiation

Process where an undifferentiated stem cell becomes a specialized cell by selectively expressing certain genes.

Endosymbiotic Theory Evidence

Mitochondria and chloroplasts possess double membranes, 70s ribosomes, naked DNA like prokaryotes, and can self-replicate, suggesting a free living origin.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the phases of mitosis and key experiments in cell theory with this practice quiz. Designed for IB Biology students, it will help you reinforce your understanding of essential concepts. Improve your preparation for exams with these flashcards.