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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the four phases of mitosis? (Select one)
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the four phases of mitosis? (Select one)
How did Pasteur's experiment with sterile broth in open flasks demonstrate the principle that cells only come from preexisting cells? (Select one)
How did Pasteur's experiment with sterile broth in open flasks demonstrate the principle that cells only come from preexisting cells? (Select one)
Which of the following properties is necessary for emergent properties to occur? (Select one)
Which of the following properties is necessary for emergent properties to occur? (Select one)
Which of the following organelles are surrounded by a single membrane? (Select one)
Which of the following organelles are surrounded by a single membrane? (Select one)
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Which of the following are properties of cholesterol found in plasma membranes? (Select one)
Which of the following are properties of cholesterol found in plasma membranes? (Select one)
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Which of the following are properties of phospholipids? (Select one)
Which of the following are properties of phospholipids? (Select one)
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Why is the medium in which a donor organ for transplant bathed in an isotonic medium? (Select one)
Why is the medium in which a donor organ for transplant bathed in an isotonic medium? (Select one)
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Which of the following can cause the formation of a primary tumor, or cancer? (Select one)
Which of the following can cause the formation of a primary tumor, or cancer? (Select one)
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Which of the following events happens during mitosis in a plant cell? (Select one)
Which of the following events happens during mitosis in a plant cell? (Select one)
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Which statement best describes the movement of water molecules in osmosis? (Select one)
Which statement best describes the movement of water molecules in osmosis? (Select one)
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How can the mitotic index be used in the diagnosis of cancer?
How can the mitotic index be used in the diagnosis of cancer?
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List two sources of stem cells that can be used in therapeutic treatment.
List two sources of stem cells that can be used in therapeutic treatment.
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Outline two similarities between the structure of prokaryote cells and eukaryote cells.
Outline two similarities between the structure of prokaryote cells and eukaryote cells.
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Outline the role of cyclins in living cells.
Outline the role of cyclins in living cells.
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Describe one type of cell that is atypical to the concept of cell theory.
Describe one type of cell that is atypical to the concept of cell theory.
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Describe one piece of evidence that falsified the Davson-Danielli model in support of the Singer-Nicholson model.
Describe one piece of evidence that falsified the Davson-Danielli model in support of the Singer-Nicholson model.
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Define the term 'cell differentiation'.
Define the term 'cell differentiation'.
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Explain the evidence which supports the endosymbiotic theory of the evolution of the eukaryotic cell.
Explain the evidence which supports the endosymbiotic theory of the evolution of the eukaryotic cell.
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Study Notes
Mitosis Phases
- Sequence of mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
Pasteur's Experiment
- Showed sterile broth does not ferment in contact with air alone, indicating cells arise from preexisting cells.
Emergent Properties
- Occur when cells or tissues interact to function as a unit within complex biological systems.
Organelle Membranes
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes are surrounded by a single membrane.
Cholesterol in Membranes
- Properties: reduces permeability to hydrophilic ions, is amphipathic, and reduces fluidity of the membrane.
Phospholipids
- Features: hydrophilic phosphate head, forms a bilayer in water, amphipathic structure, and hydrophobic fatty acid region.
Isotonic Medium for Donor Organs
- Ensures that the organ must not lose or gain water, maintaining cellular integrity.
Tumor Formation
- Primary tumours can arise from oncogenes and mutagens, not proto-oncogenes or metastasis.
Plant Cell Mitosis
- Chromosome condensation occurs during prophase, while cell wall formation is part of cytokinesis and not strictly mitosis.
Osmosis
- Movement of water molecules occurs from a dilute to a more concentrated solution across a membrane.
Mitotic Index and Cancer
- Higher mitotic index indicates faster cell division and potential cancer presence; it correlates with survival and treatment outcomes in cancers.
Sources of Stem Cells
- Patient's own tissues, donated tissues, fetal umbilical cord blood, and early-stage embryos.
Similarities of Cell Types
- Prokaryotes and eukaryotes share plasma membranes, ribosomes, and contain DNA.
Cyclins Role
- Control cell cycle stages; their concentrations rise and fall to activate proteins for reactions specific to each cell cycle stage.
Atypical Cells and Cell Theory
- Striated muscle cells have multiple nuclei; giant algae contain a single nucleus; hyphal fungi have many nuclei within a single hypha.
Evidence Against Davson-Danielli Model
- Freeze-etching revealed proteins deeply embedded in membranes, contradicting the model's assertion about protein placement.
Cell Differentiation
- Process where an undifferentiated stem cell becomes a specialized cell by selectively expressing certain genes.
Endosymbiotic Theory Evidence
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts possess double membranes, 70s ribosomes, naked DNA like prokaryotes, and can self-replicate, suggesting a free living origin.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the phases of mitosis and key experiments in cell theory with this practice quiz. Designed for IB Biology students, it will help you reinforce your understanding of essential concepts. Improve your preparation for exams with these flashcards.
