Cell Theory and Cell Division

True (A)

To produce gametes (sex cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

<p>metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis = Cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells Meiosis = Cell division that produces four genetically different daughter cells Chromosomes = Structures that carry genetic information Cytokinesis = Division of the cytoplasm to create two new cells Gametes = Sex cells, such as sperm and egg Haploid = Having one set of chromosomes Diploid = Having two sets of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth, repair, and regeneration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis produces two diploid daughter cells with identical genetic information, while meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells with genetically diverse information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis = Nuclear division that produces four haploid gametes Meiosis = Nuclear division that produces two genetically identical diploid cells Somatic Cell = A cell that is responsible for generating sperm or egg cells Gamete = A body cell that is not involved in sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two diploid cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis helps repair and regenerate damaged tissues in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, ensuring their proper function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically distinct daughter cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meiosis results in four genetically distinct daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prophase = Chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form. Metaphase = Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, attached to spindle fibers. Anaphase = Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. Telophase = Chromosomes de-condense, the nuclear envelope reforms, and the cytoplasm divides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meiosis is involved in the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes to half, ensuring that when sperm and egg cells combine during fertilization, the offspring will have the correct number of chromosomes. It also introduces genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both B and C are correct. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that carry genes for the same traits. During meiosis I, these homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through crossing over, which contributes to genetic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synapsis = The pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I. Crossing over = The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. Chiasmata = The points where crossing over has occurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cell division creating two identical diploid cells with same chromosomes.

Cell division that produces four genetically diverse haploid gametes.

First phase of mitosis where chromosomes double and organelles become visible.

Phase in mitosis where chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends.

Final step in cell division where the cytoplasm splits into two new cells.

A fundamental concept stating all living things are made of cells, are the smallest units of life, and arise from pre-existing cells.

Cells are the smallest structures capable of performing all necessary life processes.

The process by which organisms grow and reproduce; occurs in eukaryotic cells through mitosis and meiosis.

Mitosis in humans mainly helps to grow and repair damaged tissues.

Cells containing two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent; produced by mitosis.

Cell division that produces four genetically diverse haploid gametes for reproduction.

Complex cells with a nucleus, found in multicellular organisms like humans; undergo mitosis and meiosis.

Results in two diploid cells with identical genetic information, essential for growth and repair.

Sites of polypeptide synthesis made of RNA and protein.

Filamentous structure providing internal support and transport in cytoplasm.

A phospholipid bilayer that acts as a semi-permeable barrier.

Double membrane structure that stores genetic material (DNA).

Transports materials between organelles; can be smooth or rough.

Involved in sorting, storing, and exporting secretory products.

Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production, with a double membrane.

Membranous sac that contains enzymes for breaking down toxic substances.

Fluid part of the cytoplasm where organelles are suspended.

Inner region of the nucleus where ribosome assembly occurs.

Organelles containing digestive enzymes to breakdown waste.

Folded inner membrane of mitochondria that increases surface area.

Version of ER without ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis.

ER with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins for export.

Enzymes in peroxisomes that catalyze breakdown of toxins.