Questions and Answers
What is the concentration gradient?
The difference in concentration of a substance from one area to another.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
Does diffusion require energy?
False
What is passive transport?
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Equilibrium is...
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What kind of molecules can diffuse across a cell membrane?
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What is osmosis?
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Does osmosis require energy?
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Facilitated diffusion is...
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What do carrier proteins transport?
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What do channel proteins transport?
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What is a hypotonic solution?
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What is an isotonic solution?
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What are hypertonic solutions?
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What is active transport?
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What can you look for in active transport?
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What are the two types of active transport?
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What is endocytosis?
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What is pinocytosis?
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What is phagocytosis?
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What is exocytosis?
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What are the two types of exocytosis?
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What is secretion?
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What is excretion?
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Study Notes
Concentration Gradient
- Represents the difference in the concentration of a substance between two areas.
Diffusion
- Involves the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.
- Does not require energy.
Passive Transport
- Movement of molecules across cell membranes without energy expenditure.
- Achieves equilibrium, where the concentration of molecules is uniform throughout the solution.
Molecules that Diffuse
- Small non-polar molecules (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide) can easily cross cell membranes.
- Water molecules can also diffuse through membranes.
Osmosis
- Specific type of passive transport involving the movement of water from an area of higher water concentration to lower.
- Does not require energy.
Facilitated Diffusion
- Process of molecules crossing cell membranes via transport proteins.
- Carrier proteins transport ions (e.g., sodium ions).
- Channel proteins transport sugars and amino acids.
Solution Types
- Hypotonic Solution: Lower solute concentration than the cell; can lead to cell swelling.
- Isotonic Solution: Equal solute concentration compared to the cell, maintaining cell stability.
- Hypertonic Solution: Higher solute concentration than the cell; can cause cell shrinkage.
Active Transport
- Moves molecules from low concentration to high concentration using energy (ATP).
- Requires transport proteins for the process.
Types of Active Transport
- Na-K Pump: Transports sodium and potassium ions in neurons to facilitate nerve signal transmission.
- Proton (H+) Pump: Involves movement of hydrogen ions in chloroplasts and mitochondria for ATP production.
Endocytosis
- Mechanism to bring large molecules into a cell via vesicles.
Pinocytosis
- A form of endocytosis that specifically involves the intake of liquids.
- Active transport process.
Phagocytosis
- Engulfs large particles through membrane wrapping to incorporate them into the cell.
Exocytosis
- The process of releasing contents from a cell through vesicles.
Types of Exocytosis
- Secretion: Release of useful cell products.
- Excretion: Elimination of waste materials from the cell.
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Description
Test your understanding of cell transport processes including diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. This quiz covers the key concepts related to concentration gradients and passive transport. Perfect for students studying biology or life sciences.