Biology Chapter: Cell Processes and Theories
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of standard deviation in a data set?

  • It specifies the mode of the data set.
  • It shows the range of data values.
  • It indicates the average value of data.
  • It provides information on data variability. (correct)

Which statement accurately differentiates a theory from a hypothesis?

  • A theory can change with new evidence, while a hypothesis remains constant.
  • A theory is based on observations, while a hypothesis is based on assumptions.
  • A theory is unproven, while a hypothesis is proven.
  • A theory is a broader explanation, while a hypothesis is a specific prediction. (correct)

What process occurs when a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

  • The cell undergoes active transport.
  • No change occurs within the cell.
  • The cell shrinks and loses water.
  • The cell swells and may burst. (correct)

Which of the following best explains the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

<p>It enhances the fluidity and stability of the membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly defines the phenomenon of osmosis?

<p>The passive movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Protein synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a cell's surface area to volume ratio decreases?

<p>Cell growth and function may be hindered. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when a potato is placed in a hypertonic solution?

<p>It loses mass due to osmosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of water allows it to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules?

<p>Polarity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes saturated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids?

<p>Saturated fatty acids have a higher melting point than unsaturated fatty acids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes an anabolic process?

<p>It synthesizes complex molecules from simpler ones. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of protein structure is characterized by the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains?

<p>Quaternary structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are codons and why are they important in protein synthesis?

<p>They are sequences of three nucleotides that specify amino acids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for DNA replication to be semiconservative?

<p>Each new DNA molecule consists of one old and one new strand. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ATP in cellular functions?

<p>To provide energy for biochemical reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the process of hydrolysis?

<p>It breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the absorption of light during photosynthesis?

<p>Chlorophyll (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment. It is the outcome or effect that is being studied.

Scientific Theory

A well-supported explanation of a phenomenon or aspect of the natural world that is based on extensive evidence and testing.

Hypothesis

A testable prediction or explanation for an observed phenomenon.

Mean

A measure of the average or central tendency of a set of data, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the total number of values.

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Mode

The value that appears most frequently in a set of data.

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Median

The middle value in a set of data when the data is arranged in ascending order.

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Standard Deviation

A measure of how spread out a set of data is, calculated as the square root of the variance.

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Error Bars

Visual representations of the uncertainty or variability in data points on a graph. They are typically drawn as bars extending above and below data points.

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Hypotonic Solution

A solution with a lower solute concentration than the cell, causing water to move into the cell.

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Hypertonic Solution

A solution with a higher solute concentration than the cell, causing water to move out of the cell.

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Isotonic Solution

A solution with the same solute concentration as the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

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Adhesion

The ability of water molecules to stick to other substances, such as the walls of a vessel.

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Cohesion

The ability of water molecules to stick to each other due to hydrogen bonds.

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Surface Tension

A measure of the force required to break the surface of a liquid. Due to hydrogen bonds, water has a high surface tension.

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Specific Heat

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. Water has a high specific heat due to hydrogen bonds.

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Hydrogen Bond

A weak bond that forms between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative oxygen atom of a different water molecule.

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Hydrophilic

Substances that dissolve in water due to their polarity, allowing them to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

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Hydrophobic

Substances that do not dissolve in water due to their nonpolarity, preventing them from forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

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