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Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary functions of blood?
What is one of the primary functions of blood?
- Nutrient delivery (correct)
- Waste reabsorption
- Bone regeneration
- Hormone production
Which component is essential for blood coagulation?
Which component is essential for blood coagulation?
- Red blood cells
- Hemoglobin
- Plasma proteins
- Platelets (correct)
How does blood contribute to heat regulation in the body?
How does blood contribute to heat regulation in the body?
- By releasing water through sweat
- By absorbing excess heat (correct)
- By transporting cold air
- By changing its color based on temperature
Which plasma protein is crucial for maintaining osmotic pressure in blood?
Which plasma protein is crucial for maintaining osmotic pressure in blood?
Which type of cell is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen in blood?
Which type of cell is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen in blood?
What is the shape of erythrocytes?
What is the shape of erythrocytes?
How are leukocytes categorized?
How are leukocytes categorized?
Red blood cells lack _____ and generate the energy they need by anaerobic mechanisms.
Red blood cells lack _____ and generate the energy they need by anaerobic mechanisms.
These cells are the only cells of the formed elements that are complete cells.
These cells are the only cells of the formed elements that are complete cells.
Erythrocytes live for 100-120 days.
Erythrocytes live for 100-120 days.
These cells originate from the bone marrow, where they expel their nucleus and organelles before entering the bloodstream.
These cells originate from the bone marrow, where they expel their nucleus and organelles before entering the bloodstream.
Flashcards
Blood functions
Blood functions
Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products; regulates body temperature and pH; and protects against infection.
Blood composition
Blood composition
Blood is made up of plasma (liquid portion) and formed elements (cells and cell fragments).
Plasma components
Plasma components
Plasma is mostly water, but also contains proteins, electrolytes, and dissolved substances.
Formed elements
Formed elements
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Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
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Study Notes
Blood Function
- Substances distribution
- Regulation of blood levels of particular substances
- Body protection
Blood Composition
- Blood is the body's only fluid tissue
- It's composed of liquid plasma and three formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets)
Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
- Small, oxygen-transporting cells
- Approximately 7.5 µm in diameter
- Biconcave shape (like a donut with a depressed center)
- Maintained by a net of peripheral proteins (spectrin)
- Flexible, allowing moderate shape changes
- No nucleus or organelles
- Filled with hemoglobin (Hb), an oxygen-carrying protein
Hemoglobin Structure
- Consists of four chains of amino acids (polypeptides)
- Each chain has an iron atom that binds oxygen
- Oxidation of iron atoms gives blood its red color
- Erythrocytes pick up oxygen in the lungs and release it in other tissues
- Structural characteristics support respiratory function
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
- Crucial for body defense against disease
- Spherical, complete cells with organelles and nucleus
- Less numerous than RBCs
- Make up 1% of blood volume
- Move through tissues and spaces in response to infection
- Diapedesis: Leukocytes squeeze between endothelial cells to leave capillaries
- Amoeboid motion allows travel to infection sites
- WBC count over 11,000/mm³ is a normal response to infection
Granulocytes
- Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
- Contain cytoplasmic granules
- Larger than RBCs
- Shorter-lived than RBCs
- Phagocytic (neutrophils)
- Involved in allergic reactions (eosinophils)
- Involved in inflammation (basophils)
Agranulocytes
- Lymphocytes, monocytes
- Lack noticeable granules
- Lymphocytes mount immune responses
- Monocytes become macrophages, involved in phagocytosis
Platelets
- Thrombocytes (clotting cells)
- Fragments of cytoplasm, not full cells
- Disc-shaped
- Involved in stopping bleeding (plugging small tears in blood vessels)
- Important in blood clotting
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