Biology Chapter 9: Invertebrates Quiz

Porifera (Sponges)

• Sponges are filter feeders, drawing water through their bodies to filter out particles
• Sponges lack tissues
• Sponge bodies are diploblastic, with 2 layers separated by mesohyl
• Sponge cells include choanocytes (flagellated collar cells) and amoebocytes (make spicules or skeletal fibers)

Spongilla

• Spongilla is a type of sponge
• It has a rhagon sponge skeleton
• It lives in freshwater

Grantia Larvae

• Images showing Grantia larvae (microscopic views)

Grantia Cross Section

• Shows the spongocoel and incurrent canals
• Spicules are present

Grantia Long Section

• Diagram identifying the osculum, spongocoel, and spicules

Sponge Spicules

• Sponges spicules can be made from silica, glass, or calcium carbonate.

Leucosolenia

• Shows Leucosolenia with osculum and spicules (microscopic)

Euspongia

• Includes spicules, mesohyl, and radial canals

Examples of Dried Sponges

• Images of different types of dried sponges

Phylum Cnidaria

• "Cnidaria" translates to "nettle"
• Cnidarians have two forms: polyp (attached) and medusa (free-swimming)
• Radial symmetry, tentacles, a single opening for food and waste, and nematocysts (stinging threads).
• Body plan is gastrovascular
• Portuguese Man-of-War (specific example)

Hydra Ingesting Food

• Hydra, a predominantly polyp form, is a hydrozoan (specific group of Cnidarians)
• Hydra’s body plan is a polyp
• Hydra ingests food using its tentacles.

Hydra Nematocyst

• Images depicting hydra nematocysts (stinging cells).

Obelia Medusa?

• Image of Obelia medusa (microscopic view)

Obelia Hydroid

• Images showing Obelia with tentacles, feeding, reproductive polyps, and medusa buds (microscopic)

Aurelia Planulae

• Aurelia is from the Scyphozoa class
• Translation means "cup shape"
• Dominant form is the medusa
• Images depicting Aurelia planulae (microscopic view)

Aurelia Scyphula

• Aurelia scyphula is a jellyfish from the scyphozoa class
• Images depicting Aurelia scyphula (microscopic view)

Aurelia Strobila

• Images showing Aurelia strobila (microscopic view, stage of development)

Aurelia Ephyra

• Images showing Aurelia ephyra (microscopic view, stage of development)

Metridium c.s. and l.s.

• Class: Anthozoa
• Anthozoans are "flower animals", like corals and sea anemones
• They have only a polyp form in their life cycle
• Body plan is gastrovascular cavity, without a medusa stage

Common Jellyfish

• Images of common jellyfish

Class Anthozoa

• Anthozoans are a type of marine invertebrate
• They include corals and sea anemones
• They are heavier than sponges

Phylum Platyhelminthes

• They are flatworms (translation of the name)
• They are part of the Lophotrochozoa clade
• Their flat shape increases surface area for gas exchange and waste elimination.
• They lack a respiratory or circulatory system

Planaria

• Turbellaria class
• Move using cilia
• Muscles aligned in different directions

Planaria Injected Intestine

• Internal structure of the planaria (part of the Turbellaria class)
• Microscopic image depicting the planaria’s intestine after injection

Planaria 3 Regions

• Planaria’s body regions

Hepatica (Fluke)

• Trematoda class
• Are internal parasites
• Means "full of holes"

Hepatica Eggs

• Image of Hepatica eggs

Hepatica Cercaria

• Image showcasing the cercaria of the Hepatica

Clonorchis sinensis

• Class Trematoda
• A liver fluke (a type of parasite)
• Contains testes and uterus
• Images showing the internal structures

Class Trematoda

Mature Pisciformis

• Class Cestoda
• Translation = “stitched”
• A type of parasite

4 Regions of Pisciformis

• Identify parts of the pisciformis
• Hooks, suckers, scolex, and proglottids

Class Cestoda

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms)

• Cuticle provides protection as an exoskeleton
• Longitudinal muscles cause a thrashing motion
• Have a complete digestive tract (mouth and anus)
• Part of the edysozoa clade

Horse Tapeworm

• Image of the horse tapeworm

Large Strongyle

• Image of the large strongyle

Sheep Stomach Worms

• Image of the sheep stomach worms

Heart Worms

• Image of heart worms

Phylum Annelida (Segmented Worms)

• Belonging to the Lophotrochozoa clade
• Segments allow for specialized body structures and complex movements

Bristleworms

• Class Polychaeta
• Means "many bristles"

Earthworm

• Class Oligochaeta
• Means "few bristles"
• Images showing the earthworm and its microscopic structure.

Leech

• Class Hirudinea
• Means "leech"

Phylum Mollusca

• Translation: "soft"
• Body plan includes visceral mass, muscular foot, and mantle

Class Polyplacophora

Class Gastropoda

Class Bivalvia

Class Cephalopoda

• Include octopus, squid, and nautilus.
• Predominantly active predators

Phylum Arthropoda

• Body plan consists of exoskeleton with chitin, segmented body, highly developed nervous system with well-developed head with jointed appendages
• Segmentation allows free movement, regeneration, and advanced functions.
• Shedding leaves them vulnerable
• Examples include claws, antennae, and jointed limbs

Subphylum Chelicerata

• Includes horseshoe crabs (Class Merostomata), and other classes such as the Arachnida (spiders, ticks, scorpions, mites)

Subphylum Mandibulata

• Includes the Class Insecta (insects), with 3 body regions (head, thorax, abdomen) and 3 pairs of thoracic legs.
• Includes many Crustaceans (shrimp, barnacles, crabs) with two pairs of antennae

Phylum Echinodermata

• Deuterostome development
• Marine inhabitants
• Water vascular system and tube feet
• Includes the Class Asteroidea (Starfish), Ophiuroidea (Brittle Stars), and Echinoidea (Sea urchins)

Class Osteichthyes

• Bony Fishes

Class Aves (Birds)

• This class includes various types of birds

Class Mammalia (Mammals)

• This includes all types of mammals

Class Amphibia

• This includes frogs, toads, and salamanders

Class Reptilia

• Includes snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles

Test your knowledge on invertebrates with this quiz covering Porifera, Cnidarians, Platyhelminthes, and more. Challenge yourself to remember key facts such as the body structures, feeding mechanisms, and unique features of these fascinating creatures. Perfect for students learning about animal biology.