Animals PDF

Animals Phylum Porifera - What does porifera mean? Sponges - "filter feeders" means... filter out particles suspended in the surrounding water as they draw it through their body - Do sponges have tissues? NO - Body structure? Diploblastic- 2 layers separated by mesohyl - What do we know about the c...

Animals Phylum Porifera - What does porifera mean? Sponges - "filter feeders" means... filter out particles suspended in the surrounding water as they draw it through their body - Do sponges have tissues? NO - Body structure? Diploblastic- 2 layers separated by mesohyl - What do we know about the cells of sponges? It has 2 cell types chaonocytes (flagellated collar cells) and Amoebocytes (make spicules or skeletal fibers) Spongilla Phylum Porifera Rhagon Sponge Skeleton Lives in freshwater Grantia Larvae Grantia Cross Section Spongocoel Habitat: Incurrent canal spicules Grantia Long Section 1. Osculum 2. Spongocoel 3. spicules Sponge spicules Could be made of silica, glass, or calcium carbonate Leucosolenia 1. Osculum 2. spicules Euspongia 1. Spicules 2. Mesohyl 3. Radial canal Examples of dried Sponges *rough texture; very light when picked up* Phylum Cnideria What does cnidaria mean? Sea nettle What are the two forms and the difference between them? Polyp (binds to substrate) and medusa (free swimming) All cniderians exhibit.... radial symmetry, tentacles, single opening for food and waste, an nematocysts What are nematocysts? Stinging threads Body plan? gastrovascular Portuguese Man-of-War Hydra ingesting food Dominant body plan of this class? Polyp predominant Class Hydrozoa (water animal) Hydra nematocyst Class hydrozoa Obelia Medusa? Obelia hydroid Class hydrozoa 1. Tentacles 2. Feeding polyp 3. Reproductive polyp 4. Medusa buds Aurelia planulae Class scyphozoa Translation of scyphozoa? Refers to the cup shape of the jellyfish Dominant body plan? Medusa predominant Aurelia scyphula Class scyphozoa (jelly fish) Aurelia strobila Class scyphozoa- jellyfish Aurelia ephyra Class scyphozoa- jellly fish Metridium c.s. and l.s. Class anthozoa -> corals/sea anemones "flowers animals" Body plan- no medusa stage and partitioned gastrovascular cavity Polyp only Common Jellyfish Class Anthozoa *Heavier than the sponges* AKA corals Phylum Platyhelminthes What does platyhelminthes translate to? Flat, worm What clade of animals do these belong to? Lophotrochozoa Why would their morphology eliminate the need for respiratory or circulatory systems? Flat body increases surface area for gas exchange and elimination of nitrogenous waste Planaria Class? Turbellaria which means "whirl" How do they move? Cilia How are muscles aligned? In different directions Planaria injected intestine Class turbellaria Planaria 3 regions Class turbellaria Hepatica (fluke) Class/translation? Trematoda - "full of holes" What kind of parasite? Internal parasite 1. Hepatica eggs 2. Hepatica cercaria Clonorchis sinensis Class trematoda Liver fluke 1. Testes 2. uterus Class Trematoda Mature pisciformis Class/meaning? Cestoda- "stitched" What kind of parasite? Endoparasites (no mouth or digestive tract) 4 regions of pisciformis Class cestoda 1. Hooks 2. Suckers 3. Scolex 4. proglottids Class Cestoda Phylum Nematoda aka Roundworms What advantages would a cuticle provide? Exoskeleton provides protection Muscle Structure? Longitudinal muscles Complete or incomplete digestive tract? complete How does stucture of muscles affect movement? Longitudinal muscles contract producing a thrashing motion Advantage of a complete digestive tract? Mouth and anus- directional movement Clade? edysozoa 1. Horse tapeworm 2. Large strongyle 3. Sheep stomach worms Heart worms Phylum Annelida aka segmented worms Clade? Lophotrochozoa Advantage of segments? Allows specialized body structures and complex movements Bristleworms Class/translation? Polychaeta- "many setae" Earthworm Class/translation? Class oligochaeta - "scanty setae" Leech Class/translation? Class hirudinea - "leech" Phylum Mollusca Translation? "soft" Body plan? Visceral mass, muscular foot, shell mantle Class/meaning? Polyplacophora - "many plate bearing" Shell is divided into 8 plates Class? Gastropoda Examples? Snails, slugs, limpets, whelks Class? Bivalva Examples? Clams, oysters, musssels Hinged shell held together by adductor muscle Class cephalopoda Examples? Octopus, squid, nautilus(only one with shell) Active predators  Phylum Arthropoda Body plan? Exoskeleton with cuticle of chitin, segmented body, highly developed nervous system, well developed head, jointed appendages What would the presence of an exoskeleton and jointed appendages impact? Feeding, walkinig, sensory reception, reproduction, and defense Benefit of segmentation? Allows free movement of different body parts, regeneration, and advanced motor functions Consequences of morphology? Shedding leaves animal vulnerable to predation Examples of the special appendages? Claws, antennae, jointed limbs Subphylum? chelicerata Class? Merosomata – horseshoe crabs Subphylum? Chelicerata Class? Arachida - Spiders, ticks, scorpions, mites  Subphylum? Mandibulata Class? Insecta -"insects" 3 pairs of thoracic legs 3 body regions – head, thorax, abdomen  Subphylum: Mandibulata Class: crustacea – shrimp, barnacles, crabs Two pairs of antennae Phylum Echinodermata "spiny skinned" Deuterostome development Marine inhabitants Water vascular system and tube feet Class: asteroidea - "star-like" Benthic organisms Pentaradial Class Ophiuroidea - "snake-like" Class: echinoidea - "spiny" Phylum Chordata Coelomates Notochord Deuterostome development Class: agnatha - "without jaw"  Class Osteichthyes Bony fishes Class Aves - Birds Class mammalia – all mammals Class amphibia – frogs, toads, salamanders Class reptilia- snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles