Biology Chapter 9 Definitions Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the cell cycle?

Series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication that produces two daughter cells.

What is interphase?

The resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell.

What is mitosis?

The process by which cells divide and produce two daughter cells from a single parent cell.

What is cytokinesis?

The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is a chromosome?

A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is chromatin?

The material of which the chromosomes are composed. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during prophase?

Chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. Signup and view all the answers

What is a sister chromatid?

Pieces of identical DNA that are crucial in cell replication and division. Signup and view all the answers

What is a centromere?

The point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division. Signup and view all the answers

What is the spindle apparatus?

The subcellular structure that segregates chromosomes between daughter cells during cell division. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during metaphase?

Chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers. Signup and view all the answers

What is anaphase?

The stage in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during telophase?

Chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed. Signup and view all the answers

What are cyclins?

A family of proteins that control the progression of cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is a cyclin-dependent kinase?

A family of protein kinases that regulate the cell cycle. Signup and view all the answers

What is cancer?

Uncontrolled growth and division of cells that can be caused by changes in the cell cycle. Signup and view all the answers

What is a carcinogen?

Any substance or agent that tends to produce cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What is apoptosis?

Programmed cell death. Signup and view all the answers

What is a stem cell?

An undifferentiated cell capable of giving rise to more cells of the same type. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Cycle

Series of events leading to cell division and duplication of two daughter cells.

Interphase

Resting phase between successive mitotic divisions or between meiosis I and II.

Mitosis

Process whereby a single parent cell divides, producing two identical daughter cells.

Cytokinesis

Cytoplasmic division occurring at the end of mitosis or meiosis, resulting in separation of daughter cells.

Chromosome

Threadlike structure composed of nucleic acids and proteins, containing genetic information in genes.

Chromatin

Material constituting chromosomes in eukaryotic organisms, excluding bacteria.

Prophase

Initial stage of cell division; chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

Sister Chromatid

Identical pieces of DNA essential for cell replication and division.

Centromere

Region on a chromosome where it is attached to spindle fibers during cell division.

Spindle Apparatus

Subcellular structure responsible for segregating chromosomes between daughter cells during division.

Metaphase

Stage between prophase and anaphase where chromosomes align and attach to spindle fibers.

Anaphase

Stage in cell division where chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles of the spindle.

Telophase

Final phase of cell division where chromatids or chromosomes reach opposite ends and two nuclei form.

Cyclin

Family of proteins that regulate the progression of cells through the cell cycle.

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase

Family of protein kinases involved in the control of the cell cycle.

Cancer

Uncontrolled cell growth and division due to dysregulation of the cell cycle, potentially influenced by environmental factors.

Carcinogen

Any substance or agent known to lead to cancer development.

Apoptosis

Process of programmed cell death that is crucial for organismal development and homeostasis.

Stem Cell

Undifferentiated cell capable of unlimited self-renewal and differentiation into various cell types.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge of key terms in Biology Chapter 9 with these flashcards. Each card features a term related to the cell cycle and its processes, along with concise definitions. Perfect for quick revisions and reinforcing your understanding of cellular division and duplication.