Questions and Answers
What is the cell cycle?
Series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication that produces two daughter cells.
What is interphase?
The resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell.
What is mitosis?
The process by which cells divide and produce two daughter cells from a single parent cell.
What is cytokinesis?
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What is a chromosome?
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What is chromatin?
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What occurs during prophase?
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What is a sister chromatid?
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What is a centromere?
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What is the spindle apparatus?
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What occurs during metaphase?
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What is anaphase?
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What happens during telophase?
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What are cyclins?
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What is a cyclin-dependent kinase?
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What is cancer?
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What is a carcinogen?
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What is apoptosis?
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What is a stem cell?
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Study Notes
Cell Cycle
- Series of events leading to cell division and duplication of two daughter cells.
Interphase
- Resting phase between successive mitotic divisions or between meiosis I and II.
Mitosis
- Process whereby a single parent cell divides, producing two identical daughter cells.
Cytokinesis
- Cytoplasmic division occurring at the end of mitosis or meiosis, resulting in separation of daughter cells.
Chromosome
- Threadlike structure composed of nucleic acids and proteins, containing genetic information in genes.
Chromatin
- Material constituting chromosomes in eukaryotic organisms, excluding bacteria.
Prophase
- Initial stage of cell division; chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
Sister Chromatid
- Identical pieces of DNA essential for cell replication and division.
Centromere
- Region on a chromosome where it is attached to spindle fibers during cell division.
Spindle Apparatus
- Subcellular structure responsible for segregating chromosomes between daughter cells during division.
Metaphase
- Stage between prophase and anaphase where chromosomes align and attach to spindle fibers.
Anaphase
- Stage in cell division where chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles of the spindle.
Telophase
- Final phase of cell division where chromatids or chromosomes reach opposite ends and two nuclei form.
Cyclin
- Family of proteins that regulate the progression of cells through the cell cycle.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase
- Family of protein kinases involved in the control of the cell cycle.
Cancer
- Uncontrolled cell growth and division due to dysregulation of the cell cycle, potentially influenced by environmental factors.
Carcinogen
- Any substance or agent known to lead to cancer development.
Apoptosis
- Process of programmed cell death that is crucial for organismal development and homeostasis.
Stem Cell
- Undifferentiated cell capable of unlimited self-renewal and differentiation into various cell types.
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Test your knowledge of key terms in Biology Chapter 9 with these flashcards. Each card features a term related to the cell cycle and its processes, along with concise definitions. Perfect for quick revisions and reinforcing your understanding of cellular division and duplication.