Biology Chapter 8 Test Review

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Questions and Answers

Draw the energy cycle.

CO2 -> chloroplast -> O2 + glucose -> cellular respiration

In what subcellular structure does photosynthesis occur?

the chloroplast

What kinds of organisms photosynthesize?

plants

Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.

6CO2 + 12H2O + light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + H2O Signup and view all the answers

In which subcellular structure does cellular respiration occur?

mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What organisms undergo cellular respiration?

Organisms with mitochondrion in their cells Signup and view all the answers

Write the equation for cellular respiration.

C6H12O6 -> CO2 + H2O + energy Signup and view all the answers

Can photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in the same organism? Explain why or why not in terms of organelles present in various organisms.

yes, because plant cells perform photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Usually, they perform photosynthesis and use some of the products of that to perform cellular respiration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all living things?

sunlight Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of photosynthesis.

light energy -> chemical energy -> glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of photosynthesis?

to make energy for producers Signup and view all the answers

Describe the meaning of the term photosynthesis.

photo - light, synthesis - something is produced Signup and view all the answers

Where do light reactions occur?

the thylakoids Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

the stroma Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the process of light reactions and the Calvin Cycle?

Light reactions: solar energy -> chemical energy; Calvin Cycle: chemical energy -> glucose Signup and view all the answers

Why do we see chlorophyll as green?

all other colors are absorbed, green (and some blue) are reflected Signup and view all the answers

What happens in light reactions?

solar energy is made into chemical energy Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the Calvin cycle?

chemical energy is made into glucose Signup and view all the answers

Does the Calvin Cycle use sunlight directly?

False Signup and view all the answers

Describe the structure of chloroplast.

There are thylakoids that make stacks of granums Signup and view all the answers

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

They are both involved in the exchange of the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Energy Cycle

CO2 enters chloroplasts, undergoing photosynthesis to produce O2 and glucose.
The process of cellular respiration uses glucose and O2 to release energy, producing CO2 and H2O.

Photosynthesis

Takes place in the chloroplast, a subcellular structure found in plant cells.
Organisms that photosynthesize primarily include plants.
Chemical equation: 6CO2 + 12H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + H2O.
Process converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Cellular Respiration

Occurs in the mitochondria, also a subcellular structure.
All organisms with mitochondria perform cellular respiration, including plants and animals.
Equation: C6H12O6 → CO2 + H2O + energy (ATP).

Relationship Between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Both processes can occur in the same organism; plants perform both for energy.
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, used by the plant for cellular respiration, generating energy.
The ultimate energy source for nearly all living organisms is sunlight.

Photosynthesis Process

Begins with light energy transformed into chemical energy, then stored in glucose.
Purpose: Produce energy for producers (autotrophs).
The term "photosynthesis" combines "photo" (light) and "synthesis" (producing).

Light Reactions and Calvin Cycle

Light reactions occur in thylakoids; they convert solar energy to chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).
The Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma, using ATP and NADPH to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide.
Light reactions require sunlight directly, while the Calvin Cycle does not; it relies on products from light reactions.

Chlorophyll and Plant Structure

Chlorophyll appears green because it absorbs all other colors of light while reflecting green and some blue light.
Chloroplast structure: consists of thylakoids arranged in stacks called granum.

Gas Exchange

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interconnected through the exchange of gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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Description

Prepare for your biology exam with this review quiz focused on Chapter 8. The quiz covers the energy cycle, photosynthesis, and the role of chloroplasts. Test your knowledge with key concepts and chemical equations essential for understanding plant biology.