Photosynthesis Overview and Stages

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

  • To convert sunlight into chemical energy (correct)
  • To absorb carbon dioxide
  • To release oxygen into the atmosphere
  • To store glucose

Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place?

  • In the cell membrane
  • In the cytoplasm
  • In the stroma
  • In the thylakoid membranes (correct)

Which of the following is produced during the light-dependent reactions?

  • Carbon dioxide
  • Glucose
  • Water
  • Oxygen (correct)

What is the significance of 'high-energy hydrogens' in the Calvin Cycle?

<p>They are used to combine with carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What compound is formed as a result of the overall photosynthesis process?

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the chloroplast is the gel-filled matrix surrounding the thylakoids?

<p>Stroma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for photosynthesis to occur?

<p>Light, carbon dioxide, and water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are grana in the chloroplasts?

<p>Stacks of thylakoids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the overall process of photosynthesis?

<p>6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of reactions that occur during photosynthesis?

<p>Light-dependent and light-independent reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thylakoids within the chloroplasts?

<p>To contain chlorophyll and facilitate light absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the chloroplast is responsible for carrying out the reactions of the Calvin Cycle?

<p>Stroma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What molecules are split during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

<p>Water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a product of the light-dependent reactions?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do chlorophyll pigments play in photosynthesis?

<p>They absorb light energy for the reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During photosynthesis, what is the primary energy source for the light-dependent reactions?

<p>Light energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The required inputs for the dark reaction of photosynthesis include which of the following?

<p>High-energy hydrogen and carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced as a result of the light-independent reactions?

<p>Glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the thylakoids?

<p>They appear as stacks of membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the overall photosynthesis equation?

<p>6CO2 + 6H2O -&gt; 6O2 + C6H12O6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

Chlorophyll

A green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

Thylakoids

Coin-shaped membranes inside chloroplasts containing chlorophyll.

Grana

Stacks of thylakoids.

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Stroma

The gel-filled space surrounding thylakoids in chloroplasts.

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Light-dependent reaction

The first stage of photosynthesis where light energy is captured and used to split water molecules.

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Light-independent reaction

The second stage of photosynthesis where carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using energy from the light-dependent reaction.

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Calvin Cycle

The light-independent reaction, where carbon dioxide is converted into glucose.

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Glucose

A molecule of sugar produced during photosynthesis that provides energy for plants.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis, released into the atmosphere.

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What is photosynthesis?

The process plants use to make their food using light energy.

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What is chlorophyll?

The green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. It's responsible for the green color of plants.

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What are thylakoids?

Coin-shaped membranes inside chloroplasts containing chlorophyll, where the light-dependent reactions occur.

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What are grana?

Stacks of thylakoids, a structure where light-dependent reactions occur in chloroplasts.

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What is the stroma?

The gel-filled space surrounding thylakoids in chloroplasts, where the Calvin Cycle occurs.

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What is the light-dependent reaction?

This reaction occurs in thylakoids and requires light energy, splitting water molecules and releasing oxygen. It also produces ATP and NADPH, which are used in the dark reaction.

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What is the light-independent reaction?

This reaction does not require light and takes place in the stroma. It uses carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH from the light-dependent reaction to produce glucose.

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What is the Calvin Cycle?

Also known as the Calvin Cycle, this is the light-independent reaction occurring in the stroma of chloroplasts, converting carbon dioxide into glucose.

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What is glucose?

This simple sugar is the primary product of photosynthesis, providing energy for plants and other organisms.

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What is oxygen?

This gas is a byproduct of the light-dependent reaction in photosynthesis and released into the atmosphere.

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Study Notes

Photosynthesis Overview

  • Photosynthesis is the process plants use to produce food from light.
  • The process occurs in chloroplasts within plant cells.
  • The overall equation for photosynthesis is 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose)

Chloroplast Structure

  • Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis.
  • Contain thylakoids, which are coin-shaped membranes.
    • Thylakoids contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs light. Different types of chlorophyll exist.
    • Grana – stacks of thylakoids, work together to carry out reactions.
  • Stroma – the gel-filled matrix surrounding the thylakoids.
    • The stroma is the site of the light-independent reactions.

Photosynthesis Stages

  • Photosynthesis occurs in two main stages: light-dependent reactions and the light-independent/Calvin cycle.

Light-Dependent Reactions

  • Occur in the thylakoid membranes.
  • Water molecules are split, releasing oxygen (O₂).
  • Light energy excites chlorophyll molecules.
  • Hydrogen atoms are boosted to higher energy levels, and they're sent to the dark reaction. These high energy hydrogens are combined with NADP+ to form NADPH.
  • ATP and NADPH are produced.

Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

  • Occur in the stroma.
  • High-energy hydrogens from the light reaction combine with carbon dioxide (CO₂).
  • The Calvin Cycle uses ATP and NADPH generated in the light-dependent reactions.
  • Produces glucose (a sugar).

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