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Questions and Answers
What is the primary structural and functional unit of all living organisms?
What is the primary structural and functional unit of all living organisms?
Who was the first person to see and describe a live cell?
Who was the first person to see and describe a live cell?
Which scientist proposed that all plants are composed of different kinds of cells?
Which scientist proposed that all plants are composed of different kinds of cells?
What was discovered by Robert Brown that is crucial for understanding cell structure?
What was discovered by Robert Brown that is crucial for understanding cell structure?
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What did Theodore Schwann conclude about animal cells based on his studies?
What did Theodore Schwann conclude about animal cells based on his studies?
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What distinguishes unicellular organisms from multicellular organisms?
What distinguishes unicellular organisms from multicellular organisms?
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What role did the invention of the microscope play in the study of cells?
What role did the invention of the microscope play in the study of cells?
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According to the cell theory, what characteristic is unique to plant cells?
According to the cell theory, what characteristic is unique to plant cells?
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What is a key characteristic of ribosomes?
What is a key characteristic of ribosomes?
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Which of the following is true about centrosomes?
Which of the following is true about centrosomes?
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Which of the following statements about cell size is correct?
Which of the following statements about cell size is correct?
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What is the primary shape classification of bacteria?
What is the primary shape classification of bacteria?
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What determines the shape of a cell?
What determines the shape of a cell?
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Which type of cells are typically smaller and multiply more rapidly?
Which type of cells are typically smaller and multiply more rapidly?
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What is the largest isolated single cell?
What is the largest isolated single cell?
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Which of the following cell shapes is NOT mentioned in the content?
Which of the following cell shapes is NOT mentioned in the content?
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What does the modern cell theory state about the origin of cells?
What does the modern cell theory state about the origin of cells?
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Which statement correctly differentiates between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Which statement correctly differentiates between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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What type of cells contain organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes?
What type of cells contain organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes?
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What is the primary component filling the volume of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary component filling the volume of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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Who contributed to the final formulation of the cell theory by explaining cell division?
Who contributed to the final formulation of the cell theory by explaining cell division?
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In which type of cell is DNA contained within a membrane-bound structure?
In which type of cell is DNA contained within a membrane-bound structure?
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What structural feature distinguishes an onion cell from a human cheek cell?
What structural feature distinguishes an onion cell from a human cheek cell?
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What did Schwann contribute to the cell theory?
What did Schwann contribute to the cell theory?
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What is the primary structural characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
What is the primary structural characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
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Which of the following statements about plasmids is true?
Which of the following statements about plasmids is true?
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In prokaryotic cells, the cytoplasm is described as what?
In prokaryotic cells, the cytoplasm is described as what?
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What is absent in prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?
What is absent in prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?
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What size range is typical for prokaryotic cells?
What size range is typical for prokaryotic cells?
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Which of the following characteristics is typical of prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following characteristics is typical of prokaryotic cells?
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What purpose do plasmids serve in prokaryotic cells?
What purpose do plasmids serve in prokaryotic cells?
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What is a notable exception regarding the presence of cell walls in prokaryotes?
What is a notable exception regarding the presence of cell walls in prokaryotes?
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What is the mesosome primarily involved in?
What is the mesosome primarily involved in?
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Which layer of the bacterial cell envelope is responsible for shape and structural support?
Which layer of the bacterial cell envelope is responsible for shape and structural support?
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How do bacteria generally fall into two categories based on their cell envelope?
How do bacteria generally fall into two categories based on their cell envelope?
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What distinguishes the glycocalyx in different bacterial species?
What distinguishes the glycocalyx in different bacterial species?
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What type of structure in prokaryotic cells resembles selectively permeable membranes found in eukaryotes?
What type of structure in prokaryotic cells resembles selectively permeable membranes found in eukaryotes?
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Which of the following accurately describes the role of the derived structures of mesosomes?
Which of the following accurately describes the role of the derived structures of mesosomes?
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What component of the cell envelope acts as a protective unit in bacteria?
What component of the cell envelope acts as a protective unit in bacteria?
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Which characteristic of the glycocalyx is notable among bacterial cells?
Which characteristic of the glycocalyx is notable among bacterial cells?
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Which organelle is present in animal cells but absent in almost all plant cells?
Which organelle is present in animal cells but absent in almost all plant cells?
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What is the primary function of ribosomes in both plant and animal cells?
What is the primary function of ribosomes in both plant and animal cells?
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Which structure is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins in a cell?
Which structure is responsible for packaging and transporting proteins in a cell?
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What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells in terms of structure?
What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells in terms of structure?
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What is the function of the lysosome in a cell?
What is the function of the lysosome in a cell?
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Which component is part of the endomembrane system in cells?
Which component is part of the endomembrane system in cells?
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What role does the nucleus play in a cell?
What role does the nucleus play in a cell?
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What is the role of the chloroplast in plant cells?
What is the role of the chloroplast in plant cells?
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What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
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What defines a characteristic of the plasma membrane?
What defines a characteristic of the plasma membrane?
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Study Notes
Chapter 8: Cell: The Unit of Life
- What is a Cell?: Unicellular organisms exist independently and perform life functions. Cells are the fundamental structural and functional units of living organisms.
- Cell Theory: All living organisms are composed of cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
- Overview of Cells: Cells have a distinct outer boundary (cell wall in plant cells, membrane in animal cells). Inside is a dense membrane-bound structure called the nucleus, containing genetic material (DNA).
- Prokaryotic Cells: These cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles besides ribosomes. Example: Bacteria, blue-green algae, mycoplasma and PPLO. Characteristics include: cell wall (except in mycoplasma), cytoplasm, naked genetic material (circular DNA), plasmids (small circular DNA).
- Eukaryotic Cells: These cells have a true nucleus (membrane-bound) and other membrane-bound organelles, like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria, microbodies, and vacuoles. Example: Protists, plants, animals, and fungi. Larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
- Cell Shape and Size: Cells vary greatly in size (e.g., Mycoplasma is the smallest, ostrich eggs are largest), shape (e.g., disc-like, polygonal, columnar, thread-like), and activities depending on their role/function.
8.1 What is a Cell?
- Unicellular organisms perform all crucial life functions within a single cell.
8.2 Cell Theory
- All organisms are made of cells. All living cells come from pre-existing cells.
8.3 Overview of Cells
- Cells are fundamental building blocks. They have an outer membrane, and a nucleus containing DNA.
8.4 Prokaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells are small and multiply quickly.
- Lack membrane-bound organelles (except ribosomes).
- Possess a complex cell envelope (glycocalyx, cell wall, plasma membrane).
- May have flagella for movement.
- Possess plasmids (small, extra-chromosomal DNA).
8.5 Eukaryotic Cells
- Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
- Plant and animal cells have differences (e.g., plant cells have cell walls and plastids; animal cells have centrioles).
- Cytoplasm is the main area for cellular activities.
- Ribosomes are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
8.5.1 Cell Membrane
- Cell membranes are mainly composed of lipids and proteins organized into a bilayer with polar heads facing outwards.
- Different membrane proteins exist.
8.5.2 Cell Wall
- Forms an outer covering for fungal and plant cells, providing mechanical support and protection.
- Composed of different materials (e.g., cellulose in plants).
- A middle lamella helps to hold cells together.
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Description
Explore the fundamental unit of life in this quiz on Chapter 8: Cells. Learn about unicellular organisms, cell theory, and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Test your knowledge on cell structures and functions in living organisms.
