Biology Chapter 8: Cells

The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

Living organisms composed of a single cell.

Living organisms composed of many cells.

A scientific theory stating that all living organisms are composed of cells, and that cells are the fundamental units of life.

A thin outer layer found in animal cells, that separates the cell from its external environment

A rigid outer layer associated with plant cells which provides structural support.

Scientist who first saw and described a live cell.

Scientist who discovered the nucleus.

All living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

A cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

A cell without a membrane-bound nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

The semi-fluid matrix that occupies the volume of a cell and is the site of many chemical reactions.

A rigid outer layer found in plant cells, providing support and structure.

The outer boundary of animal cells and the layer inside the cell wall of plant cells, regulating what enters and exits the cell.

A membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA).

Specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that carry out specific functions.

Non-membrane bound organelles found in all cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic).

Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

A non-membrane bound organelle in animal cells, involved in cell division.

Cells vary significantly in size and shape, depending on function.

Cells can have diverse shapes: disc-like, polygonal, columnar, cuboid, thread-like, or irregular.

Bacteria can be rod-like (bacillus), spherical (coccus), comma-shaped (vibrio), or spiral (spirillum).

Smallest cells (around 0.3 µm).

Specialized compartments within cells with specific functions

Despite diverse shapes and functions, prokaryotic cells share fundamental similarities in structure.

Prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a cell wall, except in mycoplasma.

The fluid inside the prokaryotic cell, surrounding the organelles.

Prokaryotic cells lack a defined nucleus.

Prokaryotic DNA is typically naked (not enclosed in a membrane), forming a single circular chromosome. 

Small, circular DNA molecules found in some prokaryotic cells.

Plasmids confer specific traits to prokaryotes, such as antibiotic resistance.

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and various organelles, unlike prokaryotes.

Unique structures found in prokaryotes, similar to organelles.

A specialized, differentiated portion of the prokaryotic cell membrane.

A multi-layered structure in prokaryotic cells, consisting of glycocalyx, cell wall, and plasma membrane, acting as a protective unit.

The outermost layer of the cell envelope; varies in thickness and composition across different bacteria.

Component of the cell envelope that provides structure and prevents bursting/collapsing of the cell.

Specialized structures within a plant cell that perform specific functions

Selectively permeable membrane interacting with the environment, similar to that of eukaryotes.

Bacteria that absorb Gram stain in a staining procedure.

Structures in animal cells, often involved in cell division

Bacteria that do not absorb the Gram stain in a staining procedure.

Rigid outer layer of plant cells providing support

Outer layer of animal cells regulating what enters and exits the cell

A loose sheath form of glycocalyx.

A thick, tough form of glycocalyx.

Plant cell organelle responsible for photosynthesis

Organelle responsible for energy production in both plant and animal cells

Network of membranes involved in protein synthesis and transport in both plant and animal cells.

Organelle involved in processing and packaging proteins in both plant and animal cells

Jelly-like substance filling the cell; site of many reactions

Membrane-bound organelle containing DNA in eukaryotic cells