Biology Chapter 6: Circulatory System

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the pulmonary circulation?

To transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. (correct)

To supply oxygenated blood to the body.

To return deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.

To carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs?

Aorta

Pulmonary vein (correct)

Vena cava

Pulmonary artery

What is the role of the aorta in the circulatory system?

To distribute oxygenated blood to the body through arteries. (correct)

To carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

To return deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

To transport deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

Where is the human heart located?

Between the two lungs and slightly to the left. Signup and view all the answers

What are the upper and lower chambers of the heart called?

Atria and ventricles. Signup and view all the answers

How does living at altitude enhance an athlete's performance?

It stimulates the production of extra red blood cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of leukocytes?

Serve as the body's defense system. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocyte is responsible for engulfing harmful microbes?

Phagocytes Signup and view all the answers

What role do antibodies serve in the immune response?

They destroy bacteria by rupturing their membranes. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes platelets in the blood?

Fragments of cytoplasm from bone marrow cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the blood clotting process is true?

It requires thrombokinase and calcium ions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common heart disease mentioned?

Coronary heart disease Signup and view all the answers

How do lymphocytes function in protecting the body?

By producing antibodies that neutralize toxins. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the aorta in the circulatory system?

To pump blood away from the heart to the body Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the body's response during a 2.4 km run?

Increased respiration rate occurs Signup and view all the answers

Which components are included in blood?

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets Signup and view all the answers

What role do red blood cells play in the circulatory system?

Carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood pressure during intense physical activity?

It significantly increases Signup and view all the answers

What substance is primarily responsible for transporting hormones in the blood?

Plasma Signup and view all the answers

During a 2.4 km run, how does the heart rate change?

It increases to meet energy demand Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of metabolic waste transport in the circulatory system?

To remove harmful substances from the body Signup and view all the answers

What primary issue leads to coronary heart disease?

Reduction of blood supply to the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease?

Regular exercise Signup and view all the answers

What metabolic change occurs due to reduced blood flow in coronary heart disease?

Insufficient oxygen and nutrient supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the deposition of fatty substances in the coronary arteries?

Narrowing of the lumen Signup and view all the answers

What is a thrombus in the context of coronary heart disease?

A blood clot that forms in the artery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a likely result of coronary heart disease if untreated?

Death of heart muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the development of a rough inner surface in arteries affected by coronary heart disease?

Presence of fibrinogen Signup and view all the answers

What action is primarily taken to prevent future occurrences of coronary heart disease?

Stent heart surgery Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the circulatory system of fish from that of humans?

Fish only have a single passage of blood through the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of arteries in the circulatory system?

Transport oxygenated blood away from the heart. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about blood pressure is accurate?

It refers to the force blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood vessels primarily aid in nutrient and waste exchange?

Capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which heart valves are correctly matched with their function?

Bicuspid - Prevents backflow into the left atrium. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the force of blood pressure have on the body?

It assists in the perfusion of tissues. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it significant that blood only passes through the heart once in fish?

It allows for more efficient oxygen exchange in water. Signup and view all the answers

What role do veins play in the circulatory system?

They return deoxygenated blood to the heart. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Double Circulatory System

Pulmonary Circulation: Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and carries oxygenated blood back to the heart.
Systemic Circulation: Distributes oxygenated blood to the body through arteries and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart via veins.

Components of the Circulatory System

Major Components:
- The human heart
- Blood vessels

The Human Heart

Located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs, slightly left of center.
Size is comparable to a clenched fist; weighs approximately 0.5 pounds.
Composed of four chambers:
- Upper chambers: atria (singular: atrium)
- Lower chambers: ventricles

Blood Flow in the Heart

Deoxygenated blood reaches the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein.
Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart from the body through the vena cava.
Oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart at high pressure through the aorta.

Blood Vessels

Types of Blood Vessels:
- Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
- Veins: Return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
- Capillaries: Tiny vessels where gas exchange occurs.

Blood Pressure

Refers to the force exerted by blood on vessel walls.
High blood pressure can occur temporarily, for example, after extensive physical activity like a 2.4 km run.

Blood Composition

Components of Blood:
- Plasma: Transports hormones, nutrients, and waste products.
- Red blood cells: Carry oxygen from the lungs to body tissues.
- White blood cells (leucocytes): Protect the body against infections. Include:
  - Phagocytes: Engulf harmful microbes via phagocytosis.
  - Lymphocytes: Produce antibodies targeting specific pathogens.
- Platelets: Also known as thrombocytes, aid in blood clotting.

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

Most common heart disease affecting coronary arteries, leading to decreased blood supply to heart muscle.
Can result in a heart attack if blood flow to a portion of the heart muscle is critically reduced.

Causes of Coronary Heart Disease

High-fat diet, especially those rich in cholesterol and saturated fats.
Emotional stress, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle.

Impact of Lifestyle on Heart Health

Narrowing of coronary arteries occurs due to cholesterol and fat deposits leading to potential blood clots.
Preventative measures against CHD include maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and reducing stress.

Additional Information

Living at high altitudes can boost red blood cell production, enhancing athletic performance at sea level.
Stent surgeries are often employed to prevent further occurrences of coronary heart disease by maintaining artery patency.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of the circulatory system in Biology Chapter 6. This quiz covers the double circulatory system, focusing on both pulmonary and systemic circulation. Test your knowledge of how blood flows through the heart, lungs, and the rest of the body.