Biology Chapter 6: Bones and Bone Tissue Quiz

Questions and Answers

Blood cells are made in the red bone marrow of bones, a process known as:

osteoporosis

ossification

hematopoiesis (correct)

bone resorption

Thin, broad bones should be classified as:

irregular bones

short bones

flat bones (correct)

long bones

Bones with a diaphysis and epiphyses are classified as:

flat bones

long bones (correct)

irregular bones

short bones

The patella is classified as a sesamoid bone since it:

is located within tendons Signup and view all the answers

The hard, dense bone that forms the outer surface of bones is:

compact bone Signup and view all the answers

What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?

epiphyseal plate Signup and view all the answers

Small cavities that are located between lamellae and contain osteocytes are called __________.

lacunae Signup and view all the answers

What accounts for the majority of bone (osseous) tissue matrix?

calcium salts Signup and view all the answers

The major organic component of bone extracellular matrix is __________.

collagen Signup and view all the answers

Why are collagen fibers a critical component of bone?

Collagen fibers help bone resist twisting, pulling, or stretching forces. Signup and view all the answers

Cells that develop into osteoblasts are called:

osteogenic cells Signup and view all the answers

The structural units of mature compact bone are called:

osteons Signup and view all the answers

Flat bones such as the bones of the skull form via __________.

intramembranous ossification Signup and view all the answers

Intramembranous ossification occurs in:

skull bones Signup and view all the answers

What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification?

hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Appositional growth allows bones to __________.

grow in width Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT an effect of growth hormone?

Growth hormone promotes the closure of the epiphyseal plate. Signup and view all the answers

Bone deposition involves __________.

calcification Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?

calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?

calcitriol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?)

increase osteoblasts on bone Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?

calcitriol Signup and view all the answers

Calcitonin functions to:

increase bone deposition Signup and view all the answers

Place the following steps of bone repair in the correct sequence:

1 = The bone callus is remodeled and primary bone is replaced with secondary bone. 2 = A hematoma fills the gap between bone fragments. 3 = Osteoblasts build a new bone callus. 4 = Fibroblasts and chondroblasts infiltrate the hematoma and a soft callus forms. Signup and view all the answers

If a fractured bone causes damage to the nutrient artery,

bone healing may take longer due to lack of O2 and nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gives bone its strength and ability to withstand compression and protect?

hydroxyapatite crystals Signup and view all the answers

Which shape of bone contains a medullary cavity and epiphyseal lines?

long Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Structure and Classification

Blood cells are produced in red bone marrow through the process of hematopoiesis.
Thin, broad bones are categorized as flat bones.
Bones characterized by a diaphysis (shaft) and epiphyses (ends) are classified as long bones.
The patella, or kneecap, is a sesamoid bone, located within tendons.

Bone Composition

Compact bone forms the hard, dense exterior of bones.
Calcium salts make up the majority of the bone tissue matrix.
Collagen is the principal organic component of bone extracellular matrix, essential for providing strength and flexibility.

Bone Formation and Growth

The epiphyseal plate allows for lengthwise growth of bones.
Small cavities between lamellae filled with osteocytes are called lacunae.
Intramembranous ossification occurs in skull bones; flat bones typically form this way.
Hyaline cartilage serves as the model for bones formed through endochondral ossification.
Appositional growth enables bones to expand in width.

Hormonal Regulation of Bone

Growth hormone stimulates osteogenic cells and promotes growth in length but does not encourage the closure of the epiphyseal plate.
Bone deposition involves the process of calcification.
Calcitonin is thought to reduce plasma calcium levels, especially in pregnant women and children.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes the formation of calcitriol, which increases plasma calcium levels through intestinal absorption and affects bone remodeling by increasing osteoclast activity.

Bone Repair Mechanism

The sequence of bone repair includes: hematoma formation, soft callus formation by fibroblasts and chondroblasts, new bone callus formation by osteoblasts, and remodeling of primary bone into secondary bone.
Damage to the nutrient artery due to a fracture can impede healing due to insufficient oxygen and nutrients.

Strength and Support

Hydroxyapatite crystals contribute to bone's strength and ability to withstand compressive forces.
Long bones feature a medullary cavity and epiphyseal lines, indicative of their anatomy.

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Description

Test your knowledge on bones and bone tissue with this quiz. Covering key terms such as hematopoiesis and classifications of bones, it's a great way to reinforce your understanding of skeletal biology.