Podcast
Questions and Answers
Blood cells are made in the red bone marrow of bones, a process known as:
Blood cells are made in the red bone marrow of bones, a process known as:
- osteoporosis
- ossification
- hematopoiesis (correct)
- bone resorption
Thin, broad bones should be classified as:
Thin, broad bones should be classified as:
- irregular bones
- short bones
- flat bones (correct)
- long bones
Bones with a diaphysis and epiphyses are classified as:
Bones with a diaphysis and epiphyses are classified as:
- flat bones
- long bones (correct)
- irregular bones
- short bones
The patella is classified as a sesamoid bone since it:
The patella is classified as a sesamoid bone since it:
The hard, dense bone that forms the outer surface of bones is:
The hard, dense bone that forms the outer surface of bones is:
What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?
What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?
Small cavities that are located between lamellae and contain osteocytes are called __________.
Small cavities that are located between lamellae and contain osteocytes are called __________.
What accounts for the majority of bone (osseous) tissue matrix?
What accounts for the majority of bone (osseous) tissue matrix?
The major organic component of bone extracellular matrix is __________.
The major organic component of bone extracellular matrix is __________.
Why are collagen fibers a critical component of bone?
Why are collagen fibers a critical component of bone?
Cells that develop into osteoblasts are called:
Cells that develop into osteoblasts are called:
The structural units of mature compact bone are called:
The structural units of mature compact bone are called:
Flat bones such as the bones of the skull form via __________.
Flat bones such as the bones of the skull form via __________.
Intramembranous ossification occurs in:
Intramembranous ossification occurs in:
What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification?
What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification?
Appositional growth allows bones to __________.
Appositional growth allows bones to __________.
What is NOT an effect of growth hormone?
What is NOT an effect of growth hormone?
Bone deposition involves __________.
Bone deposition involves __________.
Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?
PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?
Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?)
Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?)
Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
Calcitonin functions to:
Calcitonin functions to:
Place the following steps of bone repair in the correct sequence:
Place the following steps of bone repair in the correct sequence:
If a fractured bone causes damage to the nutrient artery,
If a fractured bone causes damage to the nutrient artery,
Which of the following gives bone its strength and ability to withstand compression and protect?
Which of the following gives bone its strength and ability to withstand compression and protect?
Which shape of bone contains a medullary cavity and epiphyseal lines?
Which shape of bone contains a medullary cavity and epiphyseal lines?
Study Notes
Bone Structure and Classification
- Blood cells are produced in red bone marrow through the process of hematopoiesis.
- Thin, broad bones are categorized as flat bones.
- Bones characterized by a diaphysis (shaft) and epiphyses (ends) are classified as long bones.
- The patella, or kneecap, is a sesamoid bone, located within tendons.
Bone Composition
- Compact bone forms the hard, dense exterior of bones.
- Calcium salts make up the majority of the bone tissue matrix.
- Collagen is the principal organic component of bone extracellular matrix, essential for providing strength and flexibility.
Bone Formation and Growth
- The epiphyseal plate allows for lengthwise growth of bones.
- Small cavities between lamellae filled with osteocytes are called lacunae.
- Intramembranous ossification occurs in skull bones; flat bones typically form this way.
- Hyaline cartilage serves as the model for bones formed through endochondral ossification.
- Appositional growth enables bones to expand in width.
Hormonal Regulation of Bone
- Growth hormone stimulates osteogenic cells and promotes growth in length but does not encourage the closure of the epiphyseal plate.
- Bone deposition involves the process of calcification.
- Calcitonin is thought to reduce plasma calcium levels, especially in pregnant women and children.
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes the formation of calcitriol, which increases plasma calcium levels through intestinal absorption and affects bone remodeling by increasing osteoclast activity.
Bone Repair Mechanism
- The sequence of bone repair includes: hematoma formation, soft callus formation by fibroblasts and chondroblasts, new bone callus formation by osteoblasts, and remodeling of primary bone into secondary bone.
- Damage to the nutrient artery due to a fracture can impede healing due to insufficient oxygen and nutrients.
Strength and Support
- Hydroxyapatite crystals contribute to bone's strength and ability to withstand compressive forces.
- Long bones feature a medullary cavity and epiphyseal lines, indicative of their anatomy.
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Description
Test your knowledge on bones and bone tissue with this quiz. Covering key terms such as hematopoiesis and classifications of bones, it's a great way to reinforce your understanding of skeletal biology.
