Questions and Answers
Blood cells are made in the red bone marrow of bones, a process known as:
Thin, broad bones should be classified as:
Bones with a diaphysis and epiphyses are classified as:
The patella is classified as a sesamoid bone since it:
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The hard, dense bone that forms the outer surface of bones is:
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What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?
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Small cavities that are located between lamellae and contain osteocytes are called __________.
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What accounts for the majority of bone (osseous) tissue matrix?
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The major organic component of bone extracellular matrix is __________.
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Why are collagen fibers a critical component of bone?
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Cells that develop into osteoblasts are called:
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The structural units of mature compact bone are called:
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Flat bones such as the bones of the skull form via __________.
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Intramembranous ossification occurs in:
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What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during endochondral ossification?
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Appositional growth allows bones to __________.
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What is NOT an effect of growth hormone?
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Bone deposition involves __________.
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Which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children?
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PTH promotes the formation of which hormone?
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Which of the following would NOT be a way that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could alter plasma calcium levels? (Which one of the following is FALSE?)
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Which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels?
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Calcitonin functions to:
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Place the following steps of bone repair in the correct sequence:
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If a fractured bone causes damage to the nutrient artery,
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Which of the following gives bone its strength and ability to withstand compression and protect?
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Which shape of bone contains a medullary cavity and epiphyseal lines?
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Study Notes
Bone Structure and Classification
- Blood cells are produced in red bone marrow through the process of hematopoiesis.
- Thin, broad bones are categorized as flat bones.
- Bones characterized by a diaphysis (shaft) and epiphyses (ends) are classified as long bones.
- The patella, or kneecap, is a sesamoid bone, located within tendons.
Bone Composition
- Compact bone forms the hard, dense exterior of bones.
- Calcium salts make up the majority of the bone tissue matrix.
- Collagen is the principal organic component of bone extracellular matrix, essential for providing strength and flexibility.
Bone Formation and Growth
- The epiphyseal plate allows for lengthwise growth of bones.
- Small cavities between lamellae filled with osteocytes are called lacunae.
- Intramembranous ossification occurs in skull bones; flat bones typically form this way.
- Hyaline cartilage serves as the model for bones formed through endochondral ossification.
- Appositional growth enables bones to expand in width.
Hormonal Regulation of Bone
- Growth hormone stimulates osteogenic cells and promotes growth in length but does not encourage the closure of the epiphyseal plate.
- Bone deposition involves the process of calcification.
- Calcitonin is thought to reduce plasma calcium levels, especially in pregnant women and children.
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes the formation of calcitriol, which increases plasma calcium levels through intestinal absorption and affects bone remodeling by increasing osteoclast activity.
Bone Repair Mechanism
- The sequence of bone repair includes: hematoma formation, soft callus formation by fibroblasts and chondroblasts, new bone callus formation by osteoblasts, and remodeling of primary bone into secondary bone.
- Damage to the nutrient artery due to a fracture can impede healing due to insufficient oxygen and nutrients.
Strength and Support
- Hydroxyapatite crystals contribute to bone's strength and ability to withstand compressive forces.
- Long bones feature a medullary cavity and epiphyseal lines, indicative of their anatomy.
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Description
Test your knowledge on bones and bone tissue with this quiz. Covering key terms such as hematopoiesis and classifications of bones, it's a great way to reinforce your understanding of skeletal biology.