Bone Tissue Flashcards Chapter 6

Questions and Answers

Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress?

Cancellous bone

Cartilage

Spongy bone

Compact bone (correct)

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.

fat

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.

osteoblast

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

In bone formation, a deficiency of growth hormone will cause ________.

decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage Signup and view all the answers

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________.

Diaphysis Signup and view all the answers

The term diploë refers to ________.

the internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statement concerning the location of blood-forming tissue.

The sternum (breastbone) is a good source of blood-forming tissue. Signup and view all the answers

Factors in preventing (or delaying) osteoporosis include ________.

drinking fluoridated water Signup and view all the answers

Ossification of the ends of long bones ________.

Is produced by secondary ossification centers Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the resilience of cartilage?

high water content Signup and view all the answers

The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is ________.

hyaline Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is (are) not the function(s) of the skeletal system?

Communication Signup and view all the answers

The structural unit of compact bone is ________.

the osteon Signup and view all the answers

The inner (osteogenic) layer of periosteum consists primarily of ________.

osteoblasts and osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called ________.

Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers Signup and view all the answers

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of ________.

Blood vessels and nerve fibers Signup and view all the answers

The small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live are called ________.

lacunae Signup and view all the answers

For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?

An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue. Signup and view all the answers

The process of bones increasing in width is known as ________.

appositional growth Signup and view all the answers

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

Osteoclast Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?

Parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

Vertebrae are considered ________ bones.

Irregular Signup and view all the answers

The universal loss of mass seen in the skeleton, which begins about the age of 40 ________.

Reflects incomplete osteon formation and mineralization Signup and view all the answers

A bone fracture perpendicular to the bone's axis is called a(n) ________ fracture.

Transverse Signup and view all the answers

Wolff's law is concerned with ________.

The thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it Signup and view all the answers

Cranial bones develop ________.

Within fibrous membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following glands or organs produces hormones that tend to decrease blood calcium levels?

Thyroid Signup and view all the answers

Osteomyelitis is ________.

Due to pus-forming bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. Appositional growth is ________.

The secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth?

Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within. Signup and view all the answers

In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________.

By pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis Signup and view all the answers

Spongy bones are made up of a framework called ________.

trabeculae Signup and view all the answers

Osteogenesis is the process of ________.

bone formation Signup and view all the answers

Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through ________.

interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates Signup and view all the answers

Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood?

Growth hormone Signup and view all the answers

In some cases, the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause?

Elevated levels of sex hormones Signup and view all the answers

It is thought that remodeling or bone growth is in response to the forces placed on it. Which of the following hypotheses may explain how mechanical forces communicate with cells responsible for bone remodeling?

Electrical signals direct the remodeling process. Signup and view all the answers

Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of ________.

Calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

Which fracture would be least likely in a 92-year-old?

Greenstick Signup and view all the answers

_____________ are not one of the four cell types that populate bone tissue in adults.

Mesenchymal cells Signup and view all the answers

Ostealgia is ________________.

pain in a bone Signup and view all the answers

What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?

Decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a bone marking name that indicates a projection that helps to form joints?

Ramus Signup and view all the answers

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood, as well as shaping the articular surfaces?

Epiphyseal plate Signup and view all the answers

Blood cell formation is called ________.

hematopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

A bone embedded in a tendon is called a(n) ________ bone.

sesamoid Signup and view all the answers

A central (Haversian) canal may contain arteries, veins, capillaries, lymph vessels, and ________ fibers.

nerve Signup and view all the answers

A long bone forms by a process known as ________ ossification.

endochondral Signup and view all the answers

________ growth is growth in the diameter of long bones.

appositional Signup and view all the answers

________ are multinucleated cells that destroy bone.

osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

________ is a disease of the bone in which bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving the person with thin and often very fragile bones.

osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

A round or oval hole through a bone that contains blood vessels and/or nerves is called a(n) ________.

foramen Signup and view all the answers

Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones.

True Signup and view all the answers

Compact bone is replaced more often than spongy bone.

False Signup and view all the answers

Bones are classified by whether they are weight-bearing or protective in function.

False Signup and view all the answers

The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels.

False Signup and view all the answers

Short, irregular, and flat bones have large marrow cavities in order to keep the weight of the bones light.

False Signup and view all the answers

In newborn infants, the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone contain yellow bone marrow.

False Signup and view all the answers

The structural unit of compact bone (osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk.

True Signup and view all the answers

The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones.

True Signup and view all the answers

Sixty-five percent of the mass of bone is a compound called hydroxyapatite.

True Signup and view all the answers

All bones formed by intramembranous ossification are irregular bones.

False Signup and view all the answers

An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only.

True Signup and view all the answers

The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress.

True Signup and view all the answers

Bone tissue in the skeleton of a human fetus is completely formed at six months' gestation.

False Signup and view all the answers

Each consecutive bone lamella has collagen fibers that wrap in alternating directions.

False Signup and view all the answers

Cartilage has a flexible matrix which can accommodate mitosis of chondrocytes.

True Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Structure and Functions

Compact bone is designed to support weight and resist tensile stress.
Yellow bone marrow primarily contains fat, serving as energy storage.
Osteoblasts are responsible for secreting the osteoid matrix of bone.
Long bones in embryos originate from hyaline cartilage.

Bone Development and Hormones

Growth hormone deficiency affects the proliferation of cartilage in the epiphyseal plate.
The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone, its fracture is termed a diaphyseal fracture.
The diploë refers to the inner spongy bone layer found in flat bones.
Secondary ossification centers contribute to the ossification of long bone ends.

Blood-Forming Tissue and Bone Health

The sternum is a significant source of blood-forming tissue in adults.
Drinking fluoridated water helps in preventing osteoporosis.
Bone remodeling is influenced by mechanical stress, guided by electrical signals.

Cartilage Types and Growth

Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant type found in the body.
Resilience of cartilage is attributed to its high water content.
Cartilage grows through appositional (growth at the surface) and interstitial (growth from within) mechanisms.

Bone Composition and Cell Types

Osteons are the structural units of compact bone, containing a central canal and osteocytes.
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that resorb bone, critical for bone remodeling.
A foramen is a round or oval hole in the bone for blood vessels and nerves.

Bone Development Processes

Endochondral ossification is the process by which long bones develop from cartilage models.
Appositional growth increases the bone diameter, while interstitial growth increases length through the epiphyseal plates.

Skeletal Functions and Classification

The skeletal system’s primary functions include support, hematopoiesis (blood cell formation), and mineral storage, but not communication.
Vertebrae are classified as irregular bones, contributing to the spine's structure.

Bone Health, Diseases, and Aging

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by bone loss where resorption exceeds formation, leading to fragile bones.
Aging contributes to a universal loss of bone mass, reflecting incomplete osteon development.

Developmental and Structural Insights

Cranial bones develop within fibrous membranes instead of cartilage.
During infancy and childhood, bone growth is mainly controlled by growth hormone and thyroid hormone.

Common Misconceptions

It is a misconception that short and irregular bones have large marrow cavities for weight reduction; they are typically denser.
Bone tissue is not completely formed in a human fetus at six months' gestation.

True/False Overview

Osteon resembles tree growth rings: True
Trabeculae in spongy bone align with stress lines: True
Cartilage matrix flexibility allows chondrocyte mitosis: True
Each bone lamella has collagen fibers oriented in alternating directions: False

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on bone tissue with these flashcards from Chapter 6. Each card presents essential questions about the structure and function of different bone types, as well as their cellular components. Perfect for students seeking to reinforce their understanding of anatomy and physiology.