Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of a common vehicle transmission?
Which of the following is an example of a common vehicle transmission?
Bactericidal antibiotics stop the growth and reproduction of bacteria.
Bactericidal antibiotics stop the growth and reproduction of bacteria.
False (B)
What is the term for the total amount of viruses in a patient's body?
What is the term for the total amount of viruses in a patient's body?
Viral load
The science that deals with the patterns of disease and their control is called ______.
The science that deals with the patterns of disease and their control is called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of binary fission?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of binary fission?
Signup and view all the answers
The genus name in bacterial nomenclature is always written in lowercase.
The genus name in bacterial nomenclature is always written in lowercase.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the process that involves the dilatation of blood vessels, allowing the passage of fluid, antibodies, and white blood cells to an infected area?
What is the name of the process that involves the dilatation of blood vessels, allowing the passage of fluid, antibodies, and white blood cells to an infected area?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following structures is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following structures is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Phagocytes are cells that destroy everything that belongs to our body.
Phagocytes are cells that destroy everything that belongs to our body.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two types of responses in the adaptive immune system?
What are the two types of responses in the adaptive immune system?
Signup and view all the answers
The study of fungi is referred to as ______.
The study of fungi is referred to as ______.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of the autoclave?
What is the primary purpose of the autoclave?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
Cocci bacteria are rod-shaped.
Cocci bacteria are rod-shaped.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of flagella in prokaryotic cells?
What is the function of flagella in prokaryotic cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which form of parasitic development is known as the dormant form?
Which form of parasitic development is known as the dormant form?
Signup and view all the answers
Resident flora can be easily removed by hand hygiene.
Resident flora can be easily removed by hand hygiene.
Signup and view all the answers
What information must be documented when collecting a specimen?
What information must be documented when collecting a specimen?
Signup and view all the answers
A patient diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease can spread pathogens through __________ contact.
A patient diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease can spread pathogens through __________ contact.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following stages of parasitic development with their corresponding definitions:
Match the following stages of parasitic development with their corresponding definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
Which method is considered the most efficient for sterilization?
Which method is considered the most efficient for sterilization?
Signup and view all the answers
Aspergillus is a mold that can cause allergic reactions when its spores are inhaled.
Aspergillus is a mold that can cause allergic reactions when its spores are inhaled.
Signup and view all the answers
What treatment should a person infected with Giardia receive?
What treatment should a person infected with Giardia receive?
Signup and view all the answers
Cracking and peeling skin between the toes is known as _____
Cracking and peeling skin between the toes is known as _____
Signup and view all the answers
Match the fungal conditions with their descriptions:
Match the fungal conditions with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
What are important considerations when selecting a method for microorganism removal?
What are important considerations when selecting a method for microorganism removal?
Signup and view all the answers
Residents are advised to boil water for 15 minutes after a disaster to improve its taste.
Residents are advised to boil water for 15 minutes after a disaster to improve its taste.
Signup and view all the answers
Poor sanitation is a risk factor for contracting _____ or hookworm.
Poor sanitation is a risk factor for contracting _____ or hookworm.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
Signup and view all the answers
Viruses can reproduce independently without a host cell.
Viruses can reproduce independently without a host cell.
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes a microbe's virulence?
What characterizes a microbe's virulence?
Signup and view all the answers
E. coli urinary tract infections occur when E. coli from the anal area enters the ________.
E. coli urinary tract infections occur when E. coli from the anal area enters the ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following types of microorganisms with their descriptions:
Match the following types of microorganisms with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a determinant factor for the severity of an infection?
Which of the following is NOT a determinant factor for the severity of an infection?
Signup and view all the answers
Phagocytosis is the process by which macrophages destroy foreign invaders.
Phagocytosis is the process by which macrophages destroy foreign invaders.
Signup and view all the answers
What type of cell division results in Z identical cells?
What type of cell division results in Z identical cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Microbiology Midterm Exam
- Kingdoms: Plantae, animals, fungi, and protists
- Mitosis: Cell division resulting in two identical cells.
- Binary Fission: Bacteria reproduction where the cell copies DNA and organelles, then divides the cytoplasm.
- Inflammation: Dilation of blood vessels.
- Phagocytosis: Process where macrophages and dendritic cells engulf foreign matter.
- Virulence: Characteristics of a microbe that cause disease.
- Infection Severity Factors: Patient health status, dose/viral load, pathogen virulence, and portal of entry.
- Microbial Movement: Flagella and cilia.
- Prokaryotes/Eukaryotes: Primary differences, and associated organisms.
- Microbiology: Study of organisms not visible to the naked eye.
- Pathogenicity: Ability of an organism to cause disease.
- Opportunistic Infection: Existing organism infecting a new area in the body due to compromised immune system
- Viruses: Infectious particles with genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat. They need a host cell to reproduce.
- Prions: Infectious proteins that cause disease by inhibiting, eating contaminated food, contaminated transplants, contaminated instruments.
- Sterile Sources: Urine, blood, CSF (cerebrospinal fluid).
- Nucleus: Cell control center containing DNA.
- Mitochondria: Responsible for ATP production (energy).
- Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis.
- Normal Flora: Microorganisms that inhabit the body without causing disease.
- Examples of Normal Flora: Staphylococcus epidermidis (skin, mouth, nose, throat), Escherichia coli (GI tract).
- Opportunistic Infections: Occur when normal flora infect a place where they don't belong, or a patient has a compromised immune system.
- Eukaryotic Cells: Contain membrane-bound organelles including the nucleus.
- Prokaryotic Cells: Lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Pathogen: An agent capable of causing disease.
- Phagocytes: Cells that engulf foreign matter.
- Immune System Defense: Protective barriers, circulatory response, and innate and adaptive responses.
- Innate Response: Protective barriers and circulatory responses.
- Adaptive Response: Cellular and humoral responses to identify and destroy pathogens.
- Asexual Reproduction: Cells make identical copies without involving another cell.
- Bacterial Shapes: Cocci, bacilli, and spirilla.
- Simple Staining: Used to view microbial shape and arrangement.
- Gram Staining: Differentiation method based on cell wall characteristics.
- Culture Steps: Quadrants, incubation, placement, and isolation .
- Disk Diffusion: Qualitative method to understand drug concentration needed.
- Broth Dilution: Quantitative method used for determining drug concentration to inhibit growth.
- MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration): Minimum concentration of antibiotic to prevent microbial growth.
- MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration): Minimum concentration of antibiotic that kills the bacteria
- Virology: Study of viruses.
- Parasitology: Study of parasites.
- Mycology: Study of fungi.
- Autoclave: Uses steam and pressure to sterilize.
- Carrier: Asymptomatic individual who can transmit disease to others.
- Transmission Routes: Contact (direct or indirect), common vehicle, airborne, and vector.
- Common Vehicle: Contamination leading to illnesses in many people.
- Airborne: Aerosol floats in air and inhaled.
- Vectors: Organisms that transmit disease.
- Biological Vectors: Pathogens inside vectors (ex. mosquitos and malaria).
- Mechanical Vectors: Pathogens on vectors' bodies (ex. flies).
- Bacteriostatic: Antibiotic which inhibits bacteria growth.
- Bactericidal: Antibiotic which kills bacteria.
- Broad Spectrum: Affects many microbes.
- Narrow Spectrum: Affects specific types of microbes.
- Viral Load: Total amount of viruses in the body.
- CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): A major public health organization in the USA.
- Epidemiology: Study of disease patterns in populations.
- Prokaryotic Cell Components: DNA, cell wall, and cell membrane.
- Inflammation: Dilated blood vessels, allowing fluids and antibodies to enter an infected area.
- Adaptive Immunity: Cell-mediated and humoral responses.
Microbiology Exam- Additional Topics
- Autoclave: Method of sterilization using heat and pressure
- Tinea Infections: Fungal skin infections like tinea capitis, pedis, and corporis.
- Microorganism Removal Methods: Factors like number, type, and environmental conditions to consider when removing microorganisms.
- Decontamination: Removing dirt and other foreign matter from a patient's wound using sterile water, for example
- Gamma Irradiation: Used to inhibit microbial growth (fruits, vegetables).
- Disinfecting/Sterilizing Agents (Glutaraldehyde): Bactericidal, tuberculocidal, fungicidal, virucidal, and sporicidal, used for cleaning surgical instruments.
- Heat Treatment and Disinfection Time: Heat reduces the time needed for disinfection or sterilization.
- Latency: Disease inactive until environmental conditions favorable for reproduction.
- Parasite Stages of Development: Eggs, larvae, cyst, and trophozoite (form of motile parasite)
- Nasal Specimens: Not usually used for sinus infections.
- Safe Injection Practices: Placement of the used syringe should be avoided on the patient's bedside table.
- Throat Culture Procedure: Swab both tonsils and the back of the mouth (not the tongue sides).
- Resident Flora Removal: False - Resident flora are hard to be removed with hand hygiene
- Infection Waste Handling: Infectious waste containing body fluids or materials should be treated properly and handled safely to prevent further infection.
- Specimen Documentation: Crucial information such as date, time, and source of collection.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Gloves are crucial when performing wound care, drawing blood, and during other laboratory work.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on various biological concepts covered in Chapter 5. This quiz includes questions on microbial growth, immune responses, and the classification of organisms. Challenge yourself with definitions and applications from the study of biology!
