Biology Chapter 5: Flower Structure and Reproduction
45 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What determines whether the anthers of a flower are contained inside or hang outside?

  • The color of the sepals
  • The size of the ovary
  • The length of the flower's petals
  • The type of pollination method (correct)

What is the primary function of petals in a flower?

  • To support the structure of the flower
  • To protect the ovules from damage
  • To attract pollinators through color and scent (correct)
  • To provide nourishment to the ovary

Which part of the flower connects the stigma to the ovary?

  • Ovary
  • Sepal
  • Style (correct)
  • Carpel

In insect-pollinated plants, how are the anthers typically arranged?

<p>They are hidden inside the petals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do sepals primarily serve in the structure of a flower?

<p>To protect the developing buds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does biological fitness refer to in a population?

<p>The likelihood of an allele being represented in future generations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes asexual reproduction?

<p>Results in genetically identical offspring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is reproductive success defined?

<p>The successful passing of genetic material to future generations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In evolutionary terms, why is reproduction more important for a species than for an individual?

<p>Generational survival depends on genetic diversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of sexual reproduction?

<p>Generating genetically diverse offspring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes an allele with higher fitness?

<p>It contributes to increased reproductive success (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the gene pool of a population represent?

<p>The total genetic material available in that population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for an organism to be bisexual in terms of reproduction?

<p>It has the ability to self-fertilize (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first structure to emerge during the germination of a seed?

<p>Radicle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fruit types is characterized by the opening mechanism to release seeds?

<p>Capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the process of germination, which environmental conditions are essential for a seed to sprout?

<p>Sufficient water, oxygen, and warmth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a folic separator from the other fruit types listed?

<p>It plays a role in the dispersal of seeds when wet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agents does NOT aid in the seed dispersal process?

<p>Chemical reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The role of the plumule during seed germination is primarily to:

<p>Develop green leaves for photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fruit contains seeds within a fleshy ovary?

<p>Berry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for a seed to remain in a dehydrated form while dormant?

<p>To stay alive under adverse conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of internal fertilisation compared to external fertilisation?

<p>Reduced predation risk for zygotes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do species that use external fertilisation typically produce a larger number of gametes?

<p>To maximize the chances of successful fertilization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of parental investment in species that practice external fertilisation?

<p>Increased parental care of eggs and developing youth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What affects the breeding frequency in species utilizing internal fertilisation?

<p>Parental care requirements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of asexual reproduction?

<p>It does not involve gametes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of producing fewer zygotes in internal fertilisation?

<p>Higher survival rate of offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor influencing zygote number in fertilisation?

<p>The number of sperm and ova that successfully fuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of environments is asexual reproduction among plants most common?

<p>Harsh environments with scarce resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which environment is external fertilisation most likely to occur?

<p>Aquatic or moist terrestrial environments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of asexual reproduction?

<p>The ability to reproduce quickly without a mate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

<p>It leads to a lack of genetic diversity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does fertilisation method influence the energy costs for species?

<p>Internal fertilisation necessitates greater energy due to gamete protection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might asexual reproduction be considered more effective than sexual reproduction under certain selective pressures?

<p>It requires less energy to produce offspring. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would likely favor asexual reproduction over sexual reproduction?

<p>Sudden changes in environmental conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not a characteristic of asexual reproduction?

<p>Fusion of gametes occurs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In unicellular organisms, what type of reproduction is typically predominant?

<p>Asexual reproduction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of development do most mammals undergo after fertilization?

<p>Viviparous development (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes ovo-viviparous development?

<p>Eggs retained inside the mother that hatch to live young (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do most reptiles fertilize their eggs?

<p>Internal fertilization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do female crocodiles typically lay their eggs after internal fertilization?

<p>On sandbanks beside rivers or seas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viviparous mammals?

<p>Eggs are deposited outside the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does internal fertilization provide for reptiles?

<p>Increased likelihood of egg survival (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of development allows embryos to derive nourishment through a placenta?

<p>Viviparous development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of fertilization do male reptiles use a tubular organ to introduce sperm into the female?

<p>Internal fertilization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Reproductive Success

The ability of an organism to produce offspring. It is a measure of how successful an individual is at passing on its genes to the next generation.

Biological Fitness

The measure of an allele's ability to be passed on to future generations. An allele with higher fitness is more likely to be present in future generations.

Asexual Reproduction

A form of reproduction where only one parent is involved, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

Sexual Reproduction

A form of reproduction that usually involves two parents, producing offspring that have a combination of both parents' genes and are therefore genetically unique.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gene Pool

The sum of all the genetic material in a population. It represents the total genetic diversity of the population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genes

The genetic material of an organism that determines its characteristics. It's like a code that influences traits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Allele

A specific form of a gene. It is like a variation of a gene.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reproduction

The process by which organisms create new individuals. It is essential for the continuation of life.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carpel

The part of the flower containing the reproductive organs, including the stigma, style, and ovary.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stigma

The part of the flower where pollen grains land to fertilize the ovary.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Style

The part of the flower that connects the stigma to the ovary.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ovary

The part of the flower where the ovules are produced.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sepals

The whorl of leaves that protects the flower bud before it opens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Viviparous Development

A developmental strategy where fertilized eggs develop inside the mother's body and obtain nourishment from a placenta, resulting in live birth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ovo-viviparous Development

A developmental strategy where fertilized eggs are retained inside the mother's body until they hatch. When the eggs hatch, the young are born alive.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Oviparous Development

A developmental strategy where fertilized eggs are laid outside the mother's body to develop, nourished by yolk.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Internal Fertilization in Reptiles

The process of fertilization in reptiles where the male inserts sperm into the female's reproductive tract.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tubular Penis

The organ used by male reptiles to transfer sperm to the female during copulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Crocodile Egg

A large, yolky egg laid by female crocodiles that is placed in a nest.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Crocodile Clutch

A clutch of crocodile eggs laid in a nest along sandbanks near water.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Internal Fertilization in Crocodiles

The process of fertilization in crocodiles where the male inserts sperm into the female's reproductive tract.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fertilisation

The fusion of male and female gametes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

External Fertilisation

Fertilisation that occurs outside the body, usually in aquatic or moist environments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Internal Fertilisation

Fertilisation that occurs inside the body of the female organism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Offspring/Zygote Number

The number of offspring or zygotes produced by an organism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Breeding Frequency

The frequency with which an organism reproduces.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parental Investment

The time and energy an organism invests in caring for its offspring.

Signup and view all the flashcards

External fertilisation success rate

The union of male and female gametes that occurs in aquatic or moist environments to prevent dehydration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Environmental Factors

Environmental factors that influence the survival of offspring, such as predation and infection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Legume

A dry fruit that splits along one seam to release seeds, like a bean pod.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Capsule

A dry fruit that splits open along multiple seams to release seeds, like a poppy capsule.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Follicle

A dry fruit that splits open along one seam to release seeds, like a Banksia flower.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Follicle Separator

A specialized structure in some plants that helps disperse seeds, often found with follicles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Germination

The process by which a plant embryo inside a seed begins to grow, producing roots and shoots.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Radicle

A young root that emerges from a germinating seed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Plumule

A young stem that emerges from a germinating seed, developing into leaves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sexual Reproduction in Plants

The process by which plants reproduce using pollen and ovules, resulting in the formation of seeds.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genetic Identity in Asexual Reproduction

The offspring produced through asexual reproduction are genetically identical to the parent and to each other.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction is advantageous for organisms living in stable environments where they are well-adapted.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction

With little variation, a population becomes vulnerable to changes in the environment like disease or drought.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Energy Efficiency in Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction conserves energy as it doesn't require finding a mate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Common Uses of Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction is common in unicellular organisms and some plants, particularly in harsh environments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rapid Colonization in Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction allows organisms to colonize quickly in favorable conditions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Asexual Reproduction - Key Take Away

Asexual reproduction is a primary mode of reproduction in certain organisms, especially those that thrive in stable environments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Reproduction

  • Living organisms reproduce to ensure the continuity of life and pass on their genetic traits.
  • Offspring carry genetic traits from parents, maintaining the gene pool and species.

Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction

  • Asexual reproduction: Involves only one parent, producing genetically identical offspring.
  • Sexual reproduction: Involves two parents, resulting in offspring with a mix of parental genes.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction

  • Advantages:
    • Genetic diversity: Allows organisms to adapt to changing environments.
    • Elimination of harmful mutations.
    • Offspring may have different traits and less competition for resources.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Slower and more energy-intensive process than asexual reproduction.
    • Requires finding a mate and engaging in courtship behaviour.
    • Increased vulnerability to predators.

Reproduction in Animals

  • External Fertilization: Gametes fuse outside the body of the female (e.g., fish, amphibians).
  • Internal Fertilization: Gametes fuse inside the body of the female.
    • Advantages: protection from environmental conditions, fewer gametes required, and parental care may increase the survival rate.
    • Disadvantages: potential for predation during reproductive behaviours, and parental behaviours are more energy-intensive and can make the organisms more vulnerable.

Sexual Reproduction in Plants

  • Pollination: The transfer of pollen (male gametes) to the stigma (female part of the flower).
    • Agents: wind, water, animals.
  • Fertilization: Fusion of sperm and egg inside the ovary.
  • Seed Dispersal: Enables plants to colonize new areas.
    • Mechanisms: animals, wind, water, or self-dispersal.
  • Germination: The sprouting of a seed, resulting in a new plant.

Asexual Reproduction in Plants

  • Vegetative Propagation: New individuals arise from parts of the parent plant.
    • Examples: runners, rhizomes, suckers, tubers, and bulbs.
    • These organs store food and contain buds that develop into new plants.

Asexual Reproduction in Other Organism

  • Budding: A small outgrowth (bud) develops from the parent organism, separating and growing into a new individual (e.g., yeast, hydra).
  • Binary Fission: A single-celled organism divides into two identical daughter cells (e.g., bacteria, protists).
  • Spores: Tiny, single-celled reproductive cells produced in large numbers, dispersing through wind and allowing plants and fungi to reproduce rapidly and in new environments.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Biology Reproduction PDF

Description

This quiz explores the fundamental aspects of flower anatomy and reproductive strategies in plants. It covers key concepts such as the arrangement of anthers, the role of petals, and the definitions of biological fitness and sexual reproduction. Test your knowledge on these critical topics in plant biology!

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser