Biology Chapter 5: Flower Structure and Reproduction
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Questions and Answers

What determines whether the anthers of a flower are contained inside or hang outside?

  • The color of the sepals
  • The size of the ovary
  • The length of the flower's petals
  • The type of pollination method (correct)
  • What is the primary function of petals in a flower?

  • To support the structure of the flower
  • To protect the ovules from damage
  • To attract pollinators through color and scent (correct)
  • To provide nourishment to the ovary
  • Which part of the flower connects the stigma to the ovary?

  • Ovary
  • Sepal
  • Style (correct)
  • Carpel
  • In insect-pollinated plants, how are the anthers typically arranged?

    <p>They are hidden inside the petals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do sepals primarily serve in the structure of a flower?

    <p>To protect the developing buds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does biological fitness refer to in a population?

    <p>The likelihood of an allele being represented in future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes asexual reproduction?

    <p>Results in genetically identical offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is reproductive success defined?

    <p>The successful passing of genetic material to future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In evolutionary terms, why is reproduction more important for a species than for an individual?

    <p>Generational survival depends on genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of sexual reproduction?

    <p>Generating genetically diverse offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes an allele with higher fitness?

    <p>It contributes to increased reproductive success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the gene pool of a population represent?

    <p>The total genetic material available in that population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for an organism to be bisexual in terms of reproduction?

    <p>It has the ability to self-fertilize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first structure to emerge during the germination of a seed?

    <p>Radicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fruit types is characterized by the opening mechanism to release seeds?

    <p>Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of germination, which environmental conditions are essential for a seed to sprout?

    <p>Sufficient water, oxygen, and warmth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a folic separator from the other fruit types listed?

    <p>It plays a role in the dispersal of seeds when wet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following agents does NOT aid in the seed dispersal process?

    <p>Chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The role of the plumule during seed germination is primarily to:

    <p>Develop green leaves for photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fruit contains seeds within a fleshy ovary?

    <p>Berry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for a seed to remain in a dehydrated form while dormant?

    <p>To stay alive under adverse conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of internal fertilisation compared to external fertilisation?

    <p>Reduced predation risk for zygotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do species that use external fertilisation typically produce a larger number of gametes?

    <p>To maximize the chances of successful fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of parental investment in species that practice external fertilisation?

    <p>Increased parental care of eggs and developing youth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects the breeding frequency in species utilizing internal fertilisation?

    <p>Parental care requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of asexual reproduction?

    <p>It does not involve gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical outcome of producing fewer zygotes in internal fertilisation?

    <p>Higher survival rate of offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor influencing zygote number in fertilisation?

    <p>The number of sperm and ova that successfully fuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of environments is asexual reproduction among plants most common?

    <p>Harsh environments with scarce resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which environment is external fertilisation most likely to occur?

    <p>Aquatic or moist terrestrial environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of asexual reproduction?

    <p>The ability to reproduce quickly without a mate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

    <p>It leads to a lack of genetic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does fertilisation method influence the energy costs for species?

    <p>Internal fertilisation necessitates greater energy due to gamete protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might asexual reproduction be considered more effective than sexual reproduction under certain selective pressures?

    <p>It requires less energy to produce offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios would likely favor asexual reproduction over sexual reproduction?

    <p>Sudden changes in environmental conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a characteristic of asexual reproduction?

    <p>Fusion of gametes occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In unicellular organisms, what type of reproduction is typically predominant?

    <p>Asexual reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of development do most mammals undergo after fertilization?

    <p>Viviparous development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes ovo-viviparous development?

    <p>Eggs retained inside the mother that hatch to live young</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do most reptiles fertilize their eggs?

    <p>Internal fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do female crocodiles typically lay their eggs after internal fertilization?

    <p>On sandbanks beside rivers or seas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viviparous mammals?

    <p>Eggs are deposited outside the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does internal fertilization provide for reptiles?

    <p>Increased likelihood of egg survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of development allows embryos to derive nourishment through a placenta?

    <p>Viviparous development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of fertilization do male reptiles use a tubular organ to introduce sperm into the female?

    <p>Internal fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Reproduction

    • Living organisms reproduce to ensure the continuity of life and pass on their genetic traits.
    • Offspring carry genetic traits from parents, maintaining the gene pool and species.

    Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction

    • Asexual reproduction: Involves only one parent, producing genetically identical offspring.
    • Sexual reproduction: Involves two parents, resulting in offspring with a mix of parental genes.

    Advantages and Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction

    • Advantages:
      • Genetic diversity: Allows organisms to adapt to changing environments.
      • Elimination of harmful mutations.
      • Offspring may have different traits and less competition for resources.
    • Disadvantages:
      • Slower and more energy-intensive process than asexual reproduction.
      • Requires finding a mate and engaging in courtship behaviour.
      • Increased vulnerability to predators.

    Reproduction in Animals

    • External Fertilization: Gametes fuse outside the body of the female (e.g., fish, amphibians).
    • Internal Fertilization: Gametes fuse inside the body of the female.
      • Advantages: protection from environmental conditions, fewer gametes required, and parental care may increase the survival rate.
      • Disadvantages: potential for predation during reproductive behaviours, and parental behaviours are more energy-intensive and can make the organisms more vulnerable.

    Sexual Reproduction in Plants

    • Pollination: The transfer of pollen (male gametes) to the stigma (female part of the flower).
      • Agents: wind, water, animals.
    • Fertilization: Fusion of sperm and egg inside the ovary.
    • Seed Dispersal: Enables plants to colonize new areas.
      • Mechanisms: animals, wind, water, or self-dispersal.
    • Germination: The sprouting of a seed, resulting in a new plant.

    Asexual Reproduction in Plants

    • Vegetative Propagation: New individuals arise from parts of the parent plant.
      • Examples: runners, rhizomes, suckers, tubers, and bulbs.
      • These organs store food and contain buds that develop into new plants.

    Asexual Reproduction in Other Organism

    • Budding: A small outgrowth (bud) develops from the parent organism, separating and growing into a new individual (e.g., yeast, hydra).
    • Binary Fission: A single-celled organism divides into two identical daughter cells (e.g., bacteria, protists).
    • Spores: Tiny, single-celled reproductive cells produced in large numbers, dispersing through wind and allowing plants and fungi to reproduce rapidly and in new environments.

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    Biology Reproduction PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental aspects of flower anatomy and reproductive strategies in plants. It covers key concepts such as the arrangement of anthers, the role of petals, and the definitions of biological fitness and sexual reproduction. Test your knowledge on these critical topics in plant biology!

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