Biology Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which genus includes the causative agent for malaria?

Paramecium

Trypanosoma

Euglena

Plasmodium (correct)

Which protist is a concern because of its ability to contaminate water supplies and cause diarrheal illness?

Trichomonas vaginalis

Plasmodium vivax

Giardia lamblia (correct)

Toxoplasma gondii

A fluke is classified within which of the following?

Annelida

Platyhelminthes (correct)

Nematoda

Rotifera

A nonsegmented worm is found during a routine colonoscopy of an individual who reported having abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. This worm is likely which of the following?

Nematode Signup and view all the answers

A segmented worm has male and female reproductive organs in each segment. Some use hooks to attach to the intestinal wall. Which type of worm is this?

Cestode Signup and view all the answers

Mushrooms are a type of which of the following?

Basidiocarp Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common cause of human yeast infections?

Candida albicans Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an ascomycete fungus associated with bat droppings that can cause a respiratory infection if inhaled?

Histoplasma capsulatum Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide found in red algal cell walls is a useful solidifying agent?

Agar Signup and view all the answers

Which is the term for the hard outer covering of some dinoflagellates?

Theca Signup and view all the answers

Which protists are associated with red tides?

Dinoflagellates Signup and view all the answers

You encounter a lichen with leafy structures. Which term describes this lichen?

Foliose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the term for the outer layer of a lichen?

The cortex Signup and view all the answers

The fungus in a lichen is which of the following?

An ascomycete Signup and view all the answers

The plasma membrane of a protist is called the __________.

plasmalemma Signup and view all the answers

Animals belong to the same supergroup as the kingdom __________.

Fungi Signup and view all the answers

Flukes are in class _________.

Trematoda Signup and view all the answers

A species of worm in which there are distinct male and female individuals is described as _________.

dioecious Signup and view all the answers

Nonseptate hyphae are also called _________.

coenocytic Signup and view all the answers

Unicellular fungi are called _________.

yeasts Signup and view all the answers

Some fungi have proven medically useful because they can be used to produce _________.

antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Structures in chloroplasts used to synthesize and store starch are called ________.

pyrenoids Signup and view all the answers

Algae with chloroplasts with three or four membranes are a result of .

secondary endosymbiosis Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotic microbes include which of the following?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are protozoa?

A wide variety of unicellular, non-photosynthetic, motile eukaryotic microbes. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the life stages of protozoa.

Trophozoites - feeding & growth stages; Cysts - encapsulated stage to protect against harsh environments. Signup and view all the answers

How do protozoa reproduce?

Asexual - binary fission, budding, or schizogeny; Sexual - fusing of haploid gametes (syngamy) or conjugation. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main protozoan cell structures?

Plasmalemma, pellicle, ectoplasm, endoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

What are the feeding structures of protozoa?

Cytostome, cilia, cytoproct. Signup and view all the answers

What locomotion structures do protozoa typically have?

Cilia, flagella, pseudopodia. Signup and view all the answers

What are some unique organelles found in protozoa?

Contractile vacuoles, modified mitochondria like kinetoplasts or hydrogenosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What are the prominent groups of protozoa?

Amoebozoa, Excavata, Chromalveolata. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics define the amoebozoa group?

Amoeba-like movement through pseudopodia. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two life cycles of slime molds?

Cellular slime mold life cycle and plasmodial slime mold life cycle. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of Chromalveolata?

Presence of plastids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the major distinguishing feature of Apicomplexans?

Intra or extracellular parasites with an apical complex. Signup and view all the answers

What are key members of Chromalveolata?

Apicomplexans, ciliates, diatoms, dinoflagellates. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of fungi?

Heterotrophic, mostly saprozoic, and can be mold or yeast. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major fungi structures?

Hyphae and mycelium. Signup and view all the answers

Name the main phyla of fungi.

Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Microsporidia, Zygomycota. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Malaria and Protozoa

Causative agent of malaria is Plasmodium.
Giardia lamblia is a protist that contaminates water and causes diarrheal illnesses.
Protozoa are unicellular and can have trophozoite (active) and cyst (dormant) life stages.

Helminths

Flukes are classified under the phylum Platyhelminthes.
Non-segmented worms found during colonoscopy are likely nematodes.
Cestodes are segmented worms that may have hooks for attachment and possess reproductive organs in each segment.

Fungi Characteristics

Mushrooms are structured as basidiocarps.
Candida albicans is the most common cause of human yeast infections.
Histoplasma capsulatum is an ascomycete fungus linked to bat droppings, causing respiratory infections.

Algal Structures and Types

Agar is a polysaccharide found in red algal cell walls, useful as a solidifying agent.
The outer covering of some dinoflagellates is called the theca.
Dinoflagellates are associated with red tides.

Lichens

Leafy-structured lichens are referred to as foliose.
The outer layer of a lichen is termed the cortex.
Fungal components in lichens are generally ascomycetes.

Protozoa Cell Structures

Protozoa exhibit unique structures like plasmalemma (membrane) and pellicle (rigidity).
Feeding via cytostomes with cilia to direct food, or through cytoprocts for waste excretion.

Protozoa Mobility and Organelles

Locomotion is enabled by cilia, flagella, and pseudopodia.
Contractile vacuoles help in osmoregulation, with some protozoa having modified mitochondria (e.g., hydrogenosomes).

Major Protozoan Groups

Prominent protozoan groups include Amoebozoa, Excavata, and Chromalveolata.
Amoebozoa include species like Entamoeba histolytica, a cause of dysentery.

Fungal Diversity

Fungi include groups such as Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, and Microsporidia.
Ascomycota are associated with human pathogens (e.g., Candida albicans).

Helminths Classification

Helminths are classified into roundworms (Nematoda) and flatworms (Platyhelminthes).
Nematodes include species like Ascaris lumbricoides, the largest human roundworm.

General Fungi Characteristics

Fungi are heterotrophic and mostly saprozoic, existing in forms like molds and yeasts.
Yeasts are unicellular and reproduce asexually via budding.

Life Cycles and Reproduction

Fungi can reproduce sexually or asexually, utilizing mitosis or budding methods.
Many fungi are significant decomposers and have complex life cycles.

Important Terms

Unicellular fungi are termed yeasts.
Coenocytic hyphae lack septa, while septate hyphae contain compartmentalized structures.

Video and Graphics Note

Mitochondria may be absent or modified, potentially indicating adaptations to anaerobic environments among some protozoa.

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Test your knowledge on key terms from Biology Chapter 5 with these flashcards. Questions cover important protozoa, their classifications, and relevance to health. Perfect for students looking to strengthen their understanding of protists and parasites.