Protozoa Characteristics and Reproduction
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Questions and Answers

What are the characteristics of Protozoa?

They are unicellular, chemoheterotrophs, have special structures for ingesting food and are capable of reproduction.

What are the 2 types of reproduction?

  • Sexual
  • Asexual
  • Both A and B (correct)
  • Neither A nor B

    • What are trophozoites?

    Any stage in a protozoa's life cycle at which they ingest food; it refers to the motile form.

    What are protozoa cysts?

    <p>They are a non-motile form protected by a membrane and usually the infective stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How resistant are protozoa cysts?

    <p>They are not as resistant as a bacterial endospore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is excystation?

    <p>It is the process of emergence of the trophozoite from the cyst.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you kill a cyst?

    <p>Boil them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can protozoa cysts live in soil or water?

    <p>Months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does a protozoa cyst go out and seek nutrients or ingest food?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To ingest food, do protozoa cysts use organelles?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a definitive host?

    <p>The host in which the parasite completes its sexual life cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an intermediate host?

    <p>The host where the organism lives temporarily but does not complete its sexual life cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the subphylums for Sarcomastigophora?

    <p>Sarcodina (amoebas) and Mastigophora (flagellates).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of a Ciliata (ciliates)?

    <p>Paramecium spp and Balandtidium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Sporoza, a non-motile obligate parasite?

    <p>Apicomplexia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do amoebas move?

    <p>By pseudopods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do flagellates move?

    <p>By flagella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are in the Sarcomastigophora Phylum?

    <p>Amoebas and Flagellates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contained in the subphylum Sarcodina?

    <p>Amoebas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are free living and non-parasitic?

    <p>Amoeba spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contain a nucleus and pseudopods?

    <p>Amoebas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Entamoeba histolytica, what is contained inside?

    <p>The nucleus and food vacuoles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disease Amoebiasis?

    <p>A global disease that any traveler can get.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consumes red blood cells?

    <p>Entamoeba histolytica.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you see RBCs in the cytoplasm of the amoebas?

    <p>In a fresh diarrheal specimen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is histolysis?

    <p>Destroying tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Bores through enteric walls to reach the bloodstream, can reach different vital organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical effect of Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Liver abscess caused by migrating Entamoeba histolytica.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can Entamoeba histolytica infection lead to?

    <p>Amoebiasis or amoebic dysentery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are symptoms of the above complications?

    <p>Dysentery, weight loss, fatigue, and abdominal pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can it be diagnosed?

    <p>By stool samples; trophozoites in a fresh fecal smear and cysts in an ordinary stool sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly used to treat Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>An antibiotic, Metronidazole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are diagnostic features of Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Ingested RBC and Bull's eye Karyosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Giardia lamblia?

    <p>An intestinal parasite with nuclei and flagella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Trichomonas vaginalis?

    <p>A urogenital parasite with nucleus and flagella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Characteristics of Protozoa

    • Unicellular organisms
    • Chemoheterotrophs: obtain energy by breaking down organic matter
    • Possess structures specialized for food ingestion
    • Reproduce through various modes

    Types of Reproduction

    • Asexual reproduction includes fission, budding, and schizogony (rapid production of trophozoites)
    • Sexual reproduction occurs via conjugation

    Trophozoites

    • Refers to any stage where protozoa ingest food, primarily the motile form
    • Motility achieved through structures like pseudopods, cilia, or flagella

    Protozoa Cysts

    • Non-motile stage, often the infective form, encased in a protective membrane
    • Contain a thick cell wall for enhanced survival in harsh environments

    Resistance of Protozoa Cysts

    • Not as resilient as bacterial endospores

    Excystation

    • The process by which a trophozoite emerges from a cyst

    Killing Cysts

    • Cysts can be destroyed by boiling

    Duration of Cyst Survival

    • Protozoa cysts can survive for months in soil or water

    Nutrient Absorption

    • Protozoa cysts do not seek out or ingest food actively, but absorb nutrients

    Lack of Organelles in Cysts

    • Cysts lack organelles necessary for food digestion

    Definitive Host

    • The host in which a parasite completes its sexual life cycle, e.g., Anopheles mosquito for Plasmodium

    Intermediate Host

    • A temporary host where the organism lives but does not complete its sexual life cycle, humans often serve this role

    Subphylums for Sarcomastigophora

    • Sarcodina (amoebas) and Mastigophora (flagellates)

    Examples of Ciliates

    • Paramecium spp. and Balantidium (parasitic ciliate causing disease)

    Sporozoa Classification

    • Apicomplexa as a group of non-motile obligate parasites

    Movement Mechanisms

    • Amoebas move using pseudopods
    • Flagellates utilize flagella for movement

    Contents of Sarcomastigophora Phylum

    • Includes amoebas and flagellates

    Sarcodina Subphylum Contents

    • Exclusively contains amoebas

    Free-Living and Non-Parasitic Examples

    • Species like Amoeba spp.

    Structure of Amoebas

    • Characterized by a nucleus and pseudopods (false feet)

    Features of Entamoeba histolytica

    • Contains a nucleus and food vacuoles

    Amoebiasis Disease Overview

    • A globally prevalent disease, risk increases upon entering regions like Mexico

    RBC Consumption

    • Entamoeba histolytica consumes red blood cells

    Detection of RBCs

    • Presence observed in fresh diarrheal specimens

    Histolysis

    • Refers to the destruction of tissue

    Pathogenic Behavior of Entamoeba histolytica

    • Invades intestinal walls and can spread to other vital organs (liver, lungs, brain, eyes)

    Effects of Entamoeba histolytica Infection

    • Can cause liver abscesses, potentially fatal if untreated

    Complications from Entamoeba Histolytica Infection

    • Results in amoebiasis or amoebic dysentery

    Symptoms of Complications

    • Symptoms include dysentery (diarrhea), weight loss, fatigue, and abdominal pain

    Diagnosis of Infection

    • Diagnosis through stool samples; fresh fecal smears show trophozoites and cysts in ordinary stool samples

    Treatment for Entamoeba Histolytica

    • Commonly treated with the antibiotic Metronidazole

    Diagnostic Features of Entamoeba Histolytica

    • Characterized by ingested red blood cells and bull's eye karyosome

    Giardia lamblia Characteristics

    • Intestinal parasite featuring nuclei and flagella

    Trichomonas vaginalis Characteristics

    • Urogenital parasite also featuring a nucleus and flagella

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of protozoa through this quiz. Understand their unique characteristics, various reproduction methods, and the role of trophozoites. Perfect for students diving into microbiology or life sciences.

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