Biology Chapter 4 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding prokaryotic cells?

  • They reproduce by binary fission.
  • They lack a plasma membrane. (correct)
  • They lack membrane enclosed organelles.
  • They typically have a circular chromosome.
  • Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.

    • Which drawing in the figure possesses an axial filament?

  • Thin line
  • Bacilli
  • Rod
  • Four circles
  • Thick swirl (correct)

    • You are observing a Gram stain of spherical-shaped microorganisms that are linked in a chain and stain purple. How would you describe these bacteria using the correct terminology for the cell shape and arrangement?

  • Gram-positive tetrads
  • Gram-negative staphylococci
  • Gram-positive coccobacilli
  • Gram-positive streptococci (correct)

    • Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized?

    <p>Capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fimbriae and pili differ in that:

    <p>Pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the glycocalyx found in bacteria?

    <p>Creates a slimy, slippery coating that prevents bacteria from attaching to surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a solution containing 5% NaCl?

    <p>Water will move out of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is TRUE?

    <p>Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes by producing a dormant period with no growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion:

    <p>Requires transporter proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct about passive diffusion?

    <p>It involves the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a transport protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hypertonic solution, a bacterial cell will typically:

    <p>Plasmolyze.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

    <p>Ribosomes - carbon storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The DNA found in most bacterial cells:

    <p>Is circular in structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae is no longer able to synthesize its capsular polysaccharide. What is a likely outcome?

    <p>It will be readily phagocytized upon entering the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been genetically altered and can no longer produce fimbriae. What is a likely outcome?

    <p>It will be unable to adhere to host tissue and establish infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles more closely resembles a prokaryotic cell?

    <p>Mitochondrion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following eukaryotic organelles is correctly matched with its function?

    <p>Vacuole - storage of materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The structural framework in a cell is the:

    <p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in a cell is ATP made?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by:

    <p>Ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are lipids made in the cell?

    <p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures act as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes how streptomycin attacks bacterial cells?

    <p>Streptomycin targets the 70S ribosome and inhibits protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are Gram-negative bacteria resistant to the actions of penicillin?

    <p>Penicillin is unable to pass through the outer membrane of the cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a classic sign and/or symptom of a urinary tract infection?

    <p>Blood in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Prokaryotic Cells

    • Prokaryotic cells reproduce through binary fission and typically possess a circular chromosome.
    • Lack membrane-bound organelles and a surrounding nuclear membrane.
    • Have a plasma membrane; any statement claiming they lack one is incorrect.

    Axial Filament

    • Axial filament is represented by a thick swirl in diagrams, indicating its structural role in motility for certain bacteria.

    Gram Stain Classification

    • Bacteria that are spherical (cocci), linked in chains, and stain purple are classified as gram-positive streptococci.

    Protection Against Phagocytosis

    • The capsule structure is essential for protecting bacteria from being engulfed and destroyed by phagocytic cells.

    Fimbriae and Pili

    • Fimbriae and pili serve different functions; pili facilitate DNA transfer and motility, with typically only one or two present per bacterial cell.

    Glycocalyx

    • The glycocalyx is a viscous layer surrounding bacteria, made from polysaccharides and/or polypeptides, with a firm attachment enhancing virulence.
    • Not all glycocalyx structures create a slippery coating that prevents surface attachment.

    Osmotic Effects in Solutions

    • When placed in a hypertonic solution (e.g., 5% NaCl), water will move out of the bacterial cell, potentially leading to plasmolysis.

    Active Transport Mechanisms

    • Active transport mechanisms allow substances to move from lower to higher concentrations, requiring energy expenditure.

    Endospore Function

    • Endospores provide a survival mechanism for bacteria under harsh environmental conditions without growth.

    Diffusion Processes

    • Facilitated diffusion requires transporter proteins, unlike simple diffusion which does not.
    • Passive diffusion requires no energy as molecules move from higher to lower concentrations.

    Hypertonic Solutions

    • Bacterial cells placed in a hypertonic solution will experience plasmolysis due to water loss.

    Cellular Inclusions

    • Sulfur granules serve as energy reserves, while ribosomes should not be classified as carbon storage.

    Bacterial DNA

    • Most bacterial DNA is circular in structure and not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

    Loss of Capsular Polysaccharide

    • A strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae unable to produce capsular polysaccharide will be more easily phagocytized by the host's immune system.

    Fimbriae and Host Adhesion

    • A genetic alteration that inhibits fimbriae production in Neisseria gonorrhoeae would hinder its ability to adhere to host tissues.

    Prokaryotic-like Organelles

    • The mitochondrion exhibits similarities to prokaryotic cells, hinting at evolutionary relationships.

    Eukaryotic Organelle Functions

    • The Golgi apparatus is involved in storage, while mitochondria are crucial for ATP production.

    Genetic Storage in Cells

    • The nucleus is the primary storage site for genetic information within a cell.

    Cytoskeleton

    • The cytoskeleton provides structural support and is essential for cell shape and movement.

    ATP Production

    • Mitochondria are responsible for ATP synthesis, key for energy provision in cells.

    Protein Synthesis Instructions

    • mRNA carries genetic instructions for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

    Differences in ER

    • Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is distinguished from smooth ER by the presence of ribosomes.

    Endomembrane System Components

    • The Golgi apparatus is part of the endomembrane system, which organizes cell compartmentalization for specific functions.

    Lysosomal Function

    • Lysosomes play a critical role in degrading worn-out or damaged organelles within the cell.

    Lipid Formation

    • Lipids are synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, crucial for membrane formation and cellular functions.

    Selective Barrier Functions

    • The plasma membrane acts as a selective barrier, controlling material movement in and out of cells.

    Streptomycin Mechanism

    • Streptomycin disrupts bacterial protein synthesis by targeting the 70S ribosomes.

    Gram-negative Resistance

    • Gram-negative bacteria's resistance to penicillin stems from the inability of penicillin to penetrate their outer membrane.

    Urinary Tract Infection Indicators

    • Blood in urine is not typically a classic sign of a urinary tract infection, while abdominal discomfort, increased urgency to urinate, and painful urination are.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on key concepts related to prokaryotic cells as outlined in Chapter 4 of your biology studies. Participants will assess their understanding of prokaryotic cell structure and reproduction. Challenge your knowledge through these flashcards!

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