Biology Chapter 4: Cell Organization and Communication

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What is the smallest living unit?

Egg cell

Zygote

Sperm cell

Cell (correct)

How do cells communicate with each other?

Through electrical impulses

Through light signals

Through physical contact only

Through the release of chemical substances and by physical connection (correct)

What is the function of centrioles?

To provide structural support to the cell

To regulate cell growth

To increase the cell's surface area

To produce the spindle fibers seen during cell division (correct)

What is the main component of cilia and flagella?

Microtubules Signup and view all the answers

What is the region between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microvillus?

To increase the cell's surface area Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nucleus in a cell?

Control center of the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein filament is the thinnest in the cytoskeleton?

Microfilaments Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleolus in the cell?

Production of ribosomal RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum in the cell?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are found in a human cell?

46 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum in the cell?

Lipid synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondrion in a cell?

To provide the cell with energy in the form of ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Golgi Complex in a cell?

To package and export substances from the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

To contain powerful enzymes that break down substances within the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between aerobic cellular respiration and lactic acid fermentation?

Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, while lactic acid fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the mitochondrion that increases its surface area for energy production?

Inner membrane folded into partitions called cristae Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

To speed up each step of the pathway Signup and view all the answers

Where does the citric acid cycle take place in the cell?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of lactic acid fermentation?

Lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

To separate the extracellular fluid from the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a carbohydrate attached to a protein in the cell membrane?

Glycoprotein Signup and view all the answers

Why is the cell membrane selectively permeable?

Because it has a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the membrane protein in facilitated diffusion?

To assist the movement of water-soluble substances across the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What type of solution will cause a cell to shrink?

Hypertonic solution Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires energy and involves the movement of substances from a lower concentration to a higher concentration?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which substances cross the cell membrane through invagination?

Endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a cell being placed in a hypotonic solution?

The cell will swell and may burst Signup and view all the answers