Biology Chapter 34 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a pseudo-ruminant?

Cow

Deer

Horse (correct)

Goat

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Cows do not have upper teeth

Birds eat large quantities at one time so that they can fly long distances (correct)

In pseudo-ruminants, roughage is digested in the cecum

Roughage takes a long time to digest

The acidic nature of chyme is neutralized by ________.

bicarbonates

The digestive juices from the liver are delivered to the ________.

duodenum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin C Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary fuel for the body?

carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Excess glucose is stored as ________.

glycogen Signup and view all the answers

Where does the majority of protein digestion take place?

stomach Signup and view all the answers

Lipases are enzymes that break down ________.

lipids Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone controls the release of bile from the gallbladder?

CCK Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stops acid secretion in the stomach?

somatostatin Signup and view all the answers

How does the polygastric digestive system aid in digesting roughage?

Animals with a polygastric digestive system have a multi-chambered stomach that breaks down cellulose. Signup and view all the answers

What is an alimentary canal?

Tubular digestive system with a mouth and anus Signup and view all the answers

What is bile?

Digestive juice produced by the liver Signup and view all the answers

Why is bile important?

Essential for fat digestion and absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is a carnivore?

Animal that consumes animal flesh Signup and view all the answers

What is chyme?

A mixture of partially digested food and stomach juices Signup and view all the answers

What epithelial tissue makes up the stomach?

Simple columnar Signup and view all the answers

What epithelial tissue forms the lining of the mouth?

Stratified squamous Signup and view all the answers

What epithelial tissue forms the saliva glands?

Cuboidal tissue Signup and view all the answers

Why do herbivores have large cecums?

Plants are hard to digest so the cecum stores food material where bacteria break down cellulose. Signup and view all the answers

What is a cecum?

Fermentation pouch connected to the small and large intestines Signup and view all the answers

What is the esophagus?

Tubular organ that connects mouth to stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the gallbladder?

Organ that stores and concentrates bile Signup and view all the answers

What is the gastrovascular cavity?

Digestive system with a single opening Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gastrovascular cavity?

Chamber within which extracellular digestion of prey occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is a gizzard?

Muscular organ that grinds food Signup and view all the answers

What is the large intestine?

Digestive system that reabsorbs water from undigested material and processes waste matter Signup and view all the answers

What is the liver?

Organ that produces bile for digestion and processes vitamins and lipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the pancreas?

A gland that secretes digestive juices Signup and view all the answers

What is pepsin?

A hydrochloric enzyme found in the stomach that digests protein Signup and view all the answers

What is peristalsis?

Wave-like muscle contractions Signup and view all the answers

What is a ruminant?

Animal with 4 stomachs Signup and view all the answers

What is salivary amylase?

Enzyme found in saliva, which converts carbohydrates to maltose Signup and view all the answers

What is the small intestine?

Organ where digestion of protein, fats, and carbohydrates is completed Signup and view all the answers

What is the sphincter?

Band of muscle that controls movement of materials Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Digestive Systems and Functionality

Pseudo-ruminants, like horses, digest roughage in the cecum, which aids in breaking down cellulose.
Ruminants possess a polygastric digestive system with four stomach compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum, allowing efficient digestion of plant materials.
The alimentary canal refers to a tubular digestive system that includes a mouth and anus.
Gastrovascular cavities are single-opening digestive systems that enable extracellular digestion.

Key Digestion Components

Chyme is a mixture of partially digested food and stomach juices, neutralized by bicarbonates.
Bile, produced by the liver, is essential for fat digestion and absorption, stored in the gallbladder before release.
The pancreas secretes digestive juices important for digesting proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

Protein and Nutrient Digestion

Most protein digestion occurs in the stomach, facilitated by the enzyme pepsin.
The majority of carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth with saliva containing salivary amylase, which converts carbohydrates to maltose.
Carbohydrates serve as the primary fuel source for the body, with excess glucose stored as glycogen.

Vitamins and Hormones

Vitamin C is identified as a water-soluble vitamin critical for various bodily functions.
Hormones regulate digestive processes: CCK controls bile release from the gallbladder, while somatostatin inhibits acid secretion in the stomach.

Structural Components and Tissues

The stomach is lined with simple columnar epithelial tissue, while the mouth features stratified squamous epithelial tissue.
Salivary glands consist of cuboidal epithelial tissue, playing a key role in digestion.

Additional Digestive Organs

The esophagus connects the mouth to the stomach, facilitating the passage of food.
The large intestine reabsorbs water from undigested materials and processes waste.
The liver produces bile and processes lipids and vitamins, vital for digestion and metabolism.
The gizzard, found in certain animals, grinds food mechanically.

Unique Digestion Strategies

Herbivores possess large cecums to store food for bacterial digestion, aiding breakdown of tough plant materials.
Peristalsis refers to the wave-like muscle contractions that propel food through the digestive tract.

Understanding Terminology

A carnivore is an animal that primarily consumes other animals for sustenance.
Ruminants are identified by their multiple stomach chambers, aiding in the fermentation of food.

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Test your knowledge of Biology Chapter 34 with these flashcards. Explore concepts related to pseudo-ruminants and the digestive processes of various animals. This interactive quiz will help reinforce your understanding of key topics in animal biology.