Questions and Answers
What is the term used to name one of the identical or similar subunits of a larger molecule?
________ refers to the sum of all the chemical reactions in the body.
Metabolism
The molecule called _______ may combine with an inorganic phosphate to form ATP.
Adenosine Diphosphate
In the scenario of saltwater being a solution of NaCl (salt) in water, NaCl is the _____.
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An organic molecule composed of a nitrogenous base, a monosaccharide, and a phosphate group, which is the monomer of nucleic acids, is called a _______.
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Amino acids are the subunits of larger molecules called _________.
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Fatty acids contain both a ________ group and a ________ group.
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Common arrangements of atoms associated with hydrocarbon backbones are called ______ groups.
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Describe an ion.
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An ______ is a protein that functions as a biological catalyst.
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What is the molecular weight of a molecule?
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Disaccharides can be broken down into ___________.
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A ________ is an amphiphilic molecule composed of two fatty acids and one phosphate group bonded to a glycerol molecule.
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Inorganic elements that are extracted from the soil by plants and passed up the food chain are known as ________.
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Name the only plant polysaccharide digestible in the human diet.
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Multiple part molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids are examples of ________.
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An ______ reaction consists of two molecules that trade groups of atoms.
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Glucose (C6H12O6) is a?
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Nucleotides are the subunits of the macromolecule type called __________.
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Describe a decomposition reaction.
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A carbohydrate composed of two covalently-bonded simple sugars (monosaccharides) is a __________.
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Indicate the different types of lipids.
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Covalent, ionic, and hydrogen are examples of _________ bonds.
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Solutions with a pH of 7 are considered neutral.
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Hydrophobic means that a substance is insoluble in _______.
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Blood, with a normal pH range of 7.35 to 7.45, is considered basic.
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What is the molecular weight of a molecule?
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Name the particle found in the nucleus that has a positive charge.
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A ______ consists of substances that are physically blended but not chemically bound.
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What is true regarding metabolism?
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A molecule may be composed of one element or more than one element.
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To move something, one is required to do _______.
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The pH of the stomach can be as low as 2. This pH would be considered acidic.
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In the scenario of saltwater being a solution of NaCl in water, water is the ______.
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Study Notes
Biochemical Terms and Definitions
- Monomer: Identical or similar subunits of larger molecules.
- Metabolism: The collective term for all chemical reactions happening in the body.
- Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP): Molecule that can combine with inorganic phosphate to form ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
- Solute: In saltwater (NaCl in water), NaCl acts as the solute.
- Nucleotide: An organic molecule made of a nitrogenous base, monosaccharide, and phosphate group; monomer of nucleic acids.
- Proteins: Larger molecules composed of subunits called amino acids.
- Fatty Acids: Organic compounds with a carboxyl group and a methyl group.
Chemical Structures and Reactions
- Functional Groups: Common arrangements of atoms associated with hydrocarbon backbones.
- Ion: An atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a charge.
- Enzyme: A type of protein that functions as a biological catalyst.
Molecular and Atomic Concepts
- Molecular Weight: Measured in atomic mass units, equals the sum of atomic weights; useful for calculating concentrations.
- Disaccharides: Carbohydrates that can be broken down into monosaccharides.
- Phospholipid: An amphiphilic molecule consisting of two fatty acids and one phosphate group bonded to glycerol; major components of cellular membranes.
- Minerals: Inorganic elements extracted from soil by plants, entering the food chain.
Carbohydrates and Lipids
- Starch: The only digestible plant polysaccharide in the human diet.
- Polymers: Large molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids; also called macromolecules.
- Exchange Reaction: A reaction where two molecules exchange groups or atoms.
- Hydrophobic: Describes substances that are insoluble in water; includes various organic molecules like fatty acids and steroids.
Chemical Properties
- pH 7: Solutions at this level are neutral.
- Basic Blood pH: Blood typically has a normal pH range of 7.35 to 7.45.
- Acidic Stomach pH: Stomach acidity can be as low as 2.
- Chemical Bonds: Covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds are types of chemical bonds.
Miscellaneous Facts
- Mixture: A combination of substances that are physically blended but not chemically bound.
- Work: Required to move an object or perform a task.
- A molecule can consist of one element or multiple elements, indicating its composition can vary.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key terms from Biology Chapter 2 with these flashcards. Each card covers important concepts such as monomers, metabolism, and ATP. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of essential biological processes.
