Biology Chapter 2: Classification of Organisms
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following categories is the highest in the hierarchical classification system?

  • Species
  • Kingdom (correct)
  • Phylum
  • Class

    • The five-kingdom classification includes Monera, Fungi, and Flora.

    False

    What is the term for the scientific naming system that uses two names for each organism?

    Binomial nomenclature

    The organisms grouped under __________ share a set of specific common characteristics.

    <p>Kingdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of classification?

    <p>To arrange organisms based on similarities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the kingdoms with their descriptions:

    <p>Kingdom Monera = Single-celled organisms without a nucleus Kingdom Fungi = Organisms that decompose and absorb nutrients Kingdom Plantae = Organisms that perform photosynthesis Kingdom Animalia = Multicellular organisms that consume organic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the five kingdoms in the five-kingdom classification.

    <p>Monera, Fungi, Protista, Plantae, Animalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'species' represents the smallest category in classification.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics are true for organisms in the Plant Kingdom?

    <p>Prepared their own food by photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two-kingdom classification system accurately grouped bacteria and viruses with plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of food do organisms in the Animal Kingdom obtain?

    <p>External source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organisms that cannot prepare their own food are referred to as __________.

    <p>heterotrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics to the respective kingdoms:

    <p>Prepared their own food = Plant Kingdom Lacked cell walls = Animal Kingdom Autotrophs = Plant Kingdom Motile = Animal Kingdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the binomial system of naming organisms?

    <p>Carolus Linnaeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The specific name in binomial nomenclature is always written in capital letters.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two parts of a scientific name in binomial nomenclature?

    <p>Generic name and specific name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The scientific name for the tiger is __________.

    <p>Panthera tigris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following common names with their scientific names:

    <p>Rose = Rosa indica Rice = Oryza sativa Human beings = Homo sapiens Lion = Panthera leo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed the five Kingdom classification system?

    <p>Robert Whittaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kingdom Monera includes multicellular organisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two groups of organisms recognized by Carolus Linnaeus?

    <p>Plants and Animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first part of a scientific name represents the ______.

    <p>Genus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist added the Kingdom Protista?

    <p>Ernst Haeckel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following kingdoms with their characteristics:

    <p>Kingdom Monera = Unicellular, Prokaryotes Kingdom Fungi = Eukaryotes without chlorophyll, Heterotrophic Kingdom Plantae = Multicellular, Eukaryotes with chlorophyll Kingdom Animalia = Multicellular, Eukaryotes, Heterotrophic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organisms that grow on rocks or barks of trees and could not be placed in any Kingdom classification are called ______.

    <p>Lichen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kingdom Fungi is exclusively multicellular.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do nitrogen-fixing bacteria primarily perform?

    <p>Convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibiotics are produced solely by fungi.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a bacterium that helps increase soil fertility.

    <p>Rhizobium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria decompose dead animals and plants, converting complex compounds into simple _______ that can be absorbed by plants.

    <p>phosphates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bacteria with their functions:

    <p>Lactic acid bacteria = Making of curd Rhizobium = Increasing soil fertility Decomposers = Breaking down dead organic matter Nitrogen-fixing bacteria = Converting atmospheric nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure does Amoeba use for movement?

    <p>Pseudopodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amoeba only expels digested food particles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when a food particle is engulfed by Amoeba?

    <p>Food vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amoeba moves by extending its __________.

    <p>pseudopodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the phases of digestion in Amoeba with their descriptions:

    <p>Engulfing = Amoeba takes in a food particle. Food Vacuole Formation = Food particle is surrounded by a membrane. Digestion = Food is broken down in the food vacuole. Egestion = Undigested food is expelled from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes bacteria from eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Lack of membrane-bound organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria are found only in specific environments such as soil and water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary roles that bacteria play in ecosystems?

    <p>Decomposers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A teaspoonful of fresh milk or curd may contain more than __________ million bacteria.

    <p>3000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of bacteria with their examples:

    <p>E. Coli = Bacteria Anabaena = Cyanobacteria Nostoc = Cyanobacteria Decomposers = Recycle nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common diseases in humans caused by bacteria?

    <p>Cholera and pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All bacteria are harmful to humans and animals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure helps Amoeba to move?

    <p>pseudopodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria cause diseases in plants like lemons, oranges, wheat, rice, and __________.

    <p>sugarcane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of Kingdom Protista?

    <p>Multicellular organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the diseases with their respective hosts:

    <p>Cholera = Humans Anthrax = Cattle Dysentery = Humans Tuberculosis = Both Humans and Cattle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cytoplasm of Amoeba does not contain membrane-bound organelles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The solid food particles in Amoeba are digested inside the __________.

    <p>food vacuole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during prophase?

    <p>Chromosomes condense and become visible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytokinesis occurs before mitosis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of interphase in the cell cycle?

    <p>The cell grows and copies its chromosomes in preparation for cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches inward during __________.

    <p>cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the phases of mitosis with their descriptions:

    <p>Prophase = Chromosomes become visible and nuclear envelope breaks down Metaphase = Chromosomes line up in the middle Anaphase = Chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends Telophase = Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cyst around Amoeba help it to survive?

    <p>High and low temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fungi can prepare their own food through photosynthesis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the little cytoplasm structures released from the cyst called?

    <p>pseudopodiospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fungi live on __________ organic matter.

    <p>dead and decaying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures/functions to their descriptions:

    <p>Contractile vacuole = Excretion in Amoeba Pseudopodia = Locomotion in Amoeba Saprophytes = Organisms that live on dead matter Fungi = Eukaryotic organisms without chlorophyll Vaccine = Preparation that contains killed or weak bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which conditions does multiple fission occur in Amoeba?

    <p>Unfavorable conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary role of fungi is to prepare their own food.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amoeba forms a protective __________ around itself during unfavorable conditions.

    <p>cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Meaning and Concept of Classification

    • Classification involves grouping organisms based on shared features, simplifying the study of vast biodiversity.
    • Establishes relationships between organisms by organizing them into categories like kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

    Hierarchies in Classification

    • Kingdom is the highest classification category, while species is the lowest.
    • The five kingdoms identified in current classification are: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

    Binomial System of Naming Organisms

    • The binomial nomenclature gives each organism a scientific name consisting of two parts: the generic name and the specific name.
    • Names are usually derived from Latin or Greek, ensuring universal understanding among scientists.
    • Example scientific names include Homo sapiens for humans and Panthera tigris for tigers.

    Two-Kingdom Classification

    • An outdated system proposed by Carolus Linnaeus that divided living organisms into two kingdoms: Plant Kingdom and Animal Kingdom.
    • Plant Kingdom: Autotrophic, fixed organisms with cell walls, capable of photosynthesis.
    • Animal Kingdom: Heterotrophic, motile organisms without fixed cell walls.

    Advantages and Disadvantages of Two-Kingdom Classification

    • Advantages include simplicity and clear categorization of organisms.
    • Disadvantages include the inaccurate grouping of certain organisms like bacteria and fungi and many organisms not fitting into either kingdom.

    Contributions to Classification

    • Ernst Haeckel added the Protista kingdom.
    • Herbert Copeland introduced Kingdom Monera and Kingdom Fungi.
    • Robert Whittaker proposed the five-kingdom classification in 1969, refining previous systems.

    Five-Kingdom Classification

    • Kingdom Monera: Unicellular prokaryotes.
    • Kingdom Protista: Unicellular eukaryotes.
    • Kingdom Fungi: Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophic.
    • Kingdom Plantae: Multicellular eukaryotes with chlorophyll, autotrophic.
    • Kingdom Animalia: Multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophic, lacking chlorophyll.

    Kingdom Monera

    • Comprises unicellular, microscopic prokaryotes; possess rigid cell walls.
    • Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic; examples include E. coli and Cyanobacteria.
    • Bacteria play a crucial role as decomposers and in nutrient recycling.

    Useful Bacteria

    • Bacteria are essential for processes like making curd, nitrogen fixation, and antibiotic production.
    • Facilitate soil fertility through nitrogen-fixing species like Rhizobium.

    Harmful Bacteria

    • Cause food spoilage and various diseases in humans (e.g., cholera, tuberculosis), animals, and plants.

    Kingdom Protista

    • Consists of unicellular, eukaryotic microorganisms with well-defined nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.
    • Exhibit diverse modes of nutrition; examples include Amoeba, Paramecium, and Euglena.

    Structure and Nutrition in Amoeba

    • Amoeba has a flexible shape and moves using pseudopodia, engulfing food through these extensions.
    • Food digestion occurs in food vacuoles, with waste expelled afterward.

    Cell Division in Amoeba

    • Mitosis results in the creation of identical daughter cells, essential for growth and repair.
    • Cell cycle phases include interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

    Multiple Fission in Amoeba

    • Occurs in unfavorable conditions, resulting in the formation of cysts to survive harsh environments.
    • Under favorable conditions, cysts release new Amoeba (pseudopodiospores).

    Kingdom Fungi

    • Eukaryotic organisms lacking chlorophyll, cannot photosynthesize.
    • Thrive on decaying organic matter, functioning as saprophytes or parasites.

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    Description

    Explore the fifth kingdom classification of living organisms in this quiz. Learn about the significance of classification, the binomial naming system, and delve into the characteristics of kingdoms like Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Test your knowledge and understanding of biological classification concepts.

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