Biology Chapter 2: Classification of Organisms

Questions and Answers

Which of the following categories is the highest in the hierarchical classification system?

Species

Kingdom (correct)

Phylum

Class

The five-kingdom classification includes Monera, Fungi, and Flora.

False

What is the term for the scientific naming system that uses two names for each organism?

Binomial nomenclature

The organisms grouped under __________ share a set of specific common characteristics.

Kingdom Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of classification?

To arrange organisms based on similarities Signup and view all the answers

Match the kingdoms with their descriptions:

Kingdom Monera = Single-celled organisms without a nucleus Kingdom Fungi = Organisms that decompose and absorb nutrients Kingdom Plantae = Organisms that perform photosynthesis Kingdom Animalia = Multicellular organisms that consume organic material Signup and view all the answers

List the five kingdoms in the five-kingdom classification.

Monera, Fungi, Protista, Plantae, Animalia Signup and view all the answers

The term 'species' represents the smallest category in classification.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics are true for organisms in the Plant Kingdom?

Prepared their own food by photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

The two-kingdom classification system accurately grouped bacteria and viruses with plants.

False Signup and view all the answers

What type of food do organisms in the Animal Kingdom obtain?

External source Signup and view all the answers

Organisms that cannot prepare their own food are referred to as __________.

heterotrophic Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics to the respective kingdoms:

Prepared their own food = Plant Kingdom Lacked cell walls = Animal Kingdom Autotrophs = Plant Kingdom Motile = Animal Kingdom Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the binomial system of naming organisms?

Carolus Linnaeus Signup and view all the answers

The specific name in binomial nomenclature is always written in capital letters.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts of a scientific name in binomial nomenclature?

Generic name and specific name Signup and view all the answers

The scientific name for the tiger is __________.

Panthera tigris Signup and view all the answers

Match the following common names with their scientific names:

Rose = Rosa indica Rice = Oryza sativa Human beings = Homo sapiens Lion = Panthera leo Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the five Kingdom classification system?

Robert Whittaker Signup and view all the answers

Kingdom Monera includes multicellular organisms.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two groups of organisms recognized by Carolus Linnaeus?

Plants and Animals Signup and view all the answers

The first part of a scientific name represents the ______.

Genus Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist added the Kingdom Protista?

Ernst Haeckel Signup and view all the answers

Match the following kingdoms with their characteristics:

Kingdom Monera = Unicellular, Prokaryotes Kingdom Fungi = Eukaryotes without chlorophyll, Heterotrophic Kingdom Plantae = Multicellular, Eukaryotes with chlorophyll Kingdom Animalia = Multicellular, Eukaryotes, Heterotrophic Signup and view all the answers

Organisms that grow on rocks or barks of trees and could not be placed in any Kingdom classification are called ______.

Lichen Signup and view all the answers

Kingdom Fungi is exclusively multicellular.

False Signup and view all the answers

What process do nitrogen-fixing bacteria primarily perform?

Convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms Signup and view all the answers

Antibiotics are produced solely by fungi.

False Signup and view all the answers

Name a bacterium that helps increase soil fertility.

Rhizobium Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria decompose dead animals and plants, converting complex compounds into simple _______ that can be absorbed by plants.

phosphates Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their functions:

Lactic acid bacteria = Making of curd Rhizobium = Increasing soil fertility Decomposers = Breaking down dead organic matter Nitrogen-fixing bacteria = Converting atmospheric nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

What structure does Amoeba use for movement?

Pseudopodia Signup and view all the answers

Amoeba only expels digested food particles.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when a food particle is engulfed by Amoeba?

Food vacuole Signup and view all the answers

Amoeba moves by extending its __________.

pseudopodia Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of digestion in Amoeba with their descriptions:

Engulfing = Amoeba takes in a food particle. Food Vacuole Formation = Food particle is surrounded by a membrane. Digestion = Food is broken down in the food vacuole. Egestion = Undigested food is expelled from the body. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes bacteria from eukaryotic cells?

Lack of membrane-bound organelles Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria are found only in specific environments such as soil and water.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary roles that bacteria play in ecosystems?

Decomposers Signup and view all the answers

A teaspoonful of fresh milk or curd may contain more than __________ million bacteria.

3000 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of bacteria with their examples:

E. Coli = Bacteria Anabaena = Cyanobacteria Nostoc = Cyanobacteria Decomposers = Recycle nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What are common diseases in humans caused by bacteria?

Cholera and pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

All bacteria are harmful to humans and animals.

False Signup and view all the answers

What structure helps Amoeba to move?

pseudopodia Signup and view all the answers

Bacteria cause diseases in plants like lemons, oranges, wheat, rice, and __________.

sugarcane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of Kingdom Protista?

Multicellular organisms Signup and view all the answers

Match the diseases with their respective hosts:

Cholera = Humans Anthrax = Cattle Dysentery = Humans Tuberculosis = Both Humans and Cattle Signup and view all the answers

The cytoplasm of Amoeba does not contain membrane-bound organelles.

False Signup and view all the answers

The solid food particles in Amoeba are digested inside the __________.

food vacuole Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during prophase?

Chromosomes condense and become visible. Signup and view all the answers

Cytokinesis occurs before mitosis.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of interphase in the cell cycle?

The cell grows and copies its chromosomes in preparation for cell division. Signup and view all the answers

In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches inward during __________.

cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

Match the phases of mitosis with their descriptions:

Prophase = Chromosomes become visible and nuclear envelope breaks down Metaphase = Chromosomes line up in the middle Anaphase = Chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends Telophase = Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What does the cyst around Amoeba help it to survive?

High and low temperatures Signup and view all the answers

Fungi can prepare their own food through photosynthesis.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the little cytoplasm structures released from the cyst called?

pseudopodiospores Signup and view all the answers

Fungi live on __________ organic matter.

dead and decaying Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures/functions to their descriptions:

Contractile vacuole = Excretion in Amoeba Pseudopodia = Locomotion in Amoeba Saprophytes = Organisms that live on dead matter Fungi = Eukaryotic organisms without chlorophyll Vaccine = Preparation that contains killed or weak bacteria Signup and view all the answers

During which conditions does multiple fission occur in Amoeba?

Unfavorable conditions Signup and view all the answers

The primary role of fungi is to prepare their own food.

False Signup and view all the answers

Amoeba forms a protective __________ around itself during unfavorable conditions.

cyst Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Meaning and Concept of Classification

Classification involves grouping organisms based on shared features, simplifying the study of vast biodiversity.
Establishes relationships between organisms by organizing them into categories like kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

Hierarchies in Classification

Kingdom is the highest classification category, while species is the lowest.
The five kingdoms identified in current classification are: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Binomial System of Naming Organisms

The binomial nomenclature gives each organism a scientific name consisting of two parts: the generic name and the specific name.
Names are usually derived from Latin or Greek, ensuring universal understanding among scientists.
Example scientific names include Homo sapiens for humans and Panthera tigris for tigers.

Two-Kingdom Classification

An outdated system proposed by Carolus Linnaeus that divided living organisms into two kingdoms: Plant Kingdom and Animal Kingdom.
Plant Kingdom: Autotrophic, fixed organisms with cell walls, capable of photosynthesis.
Animal Kingdom: Heterotrophic, motile organisms without fixed cell walls.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Two-Kingdom Classification

Advantages include simplicity and clear categorization of organisms.
Disadvantages include the inaccurate grouping of certain organisms like bacteria and fungi and many organisms not fitting into either kingdom.

Contributions to Classification

Ernst Haeckel added the Protista kingdom.
Herbert Copeland introduced Kingdom Monera and Kingdom Fungi.
Robert Whittaker proposed the five-kingdom classification in 1969, refining previous systems.

Five-Kingdom Classification

Kingdom Monera: Unicellular prokaryotes.
Kingdom Protista: Unicellular eukaryotes.
Kingdom Fungi: Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophic.
Kingdom Plantae: Multicellular eukaryotes with chlorophyll, autotrophic.
Kingdom Animalia: Multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophic, lacking chlorophyll.

Kingdom Monera

Comprises unicellular, microscopic prokaryotes; possess rigid cell walls.
Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic; examples include E. coli and Cyanobacteria.
Bacteria play a crucial role as decomposers and in nutrient recycling.

Useful Bacteria

Bacteria are essential for processes like making curd, nitrogen fixation, and antibiotic production.
Facilitate soil fertility through nitrogen-fixing species like Rhizobium.

Harmful Bacteria

Cause food spoilage and various diseases in humans (e.g., cholera, tuberculosis), animals, and plants.

Kingdom Protista

Consists of unicellular, eukaryotic microorganisms with well-defined nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.
Exhibit diverse modes of nutrition; examples include Amoeba, Paramecium, and Euglena.

Structure and Nutrition in Amoeba

Amoeba has a flexible shape and moves using pseudopodia, engulfing food through these extensions.
Food digestion occurs in food vacuoles, with waste expelled afterward.

Cell Division in Amoeba

Mitosis results in the creation of identical daughter cells, essential for growth and repair.
Cell cycle phases include interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

Multiple Fission in Amoeba

Occurs in unfavorable conditions, resulting in the formation of cysts to survive harsh environments.
Under favorable conditions, cysts release new Amoeba (pseudopodiospores).

Kingdom Fungi

Eukaryotic organisms lacking chlorophyll, cannot photosynthesize.
Thrive on decaying organic matter, functioning as saprophytes or parasites.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the fifth kingdom classification of living organisms in this quiz. Learn about the significance of classification, the binomial naming system, and delve into the characteristics of kingdoms like Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Test your knowledge and understanding of biological classification concepts.