Six Kingdom Classification Flashcards

Eubacteria

• Prokaryotes, unicellular organisms
• Can be heterotrophic (consume organic material) or autotrophic (produce own food)
• Reproduce asexually; possess phospholipid membranes
• Cell wall contains peptidoglycan
• Example: E. coli

Archaebacteria

• Prokaryotes, unicellular organisms
• Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic, with some classified as chemoautotrophs
• Reproduce asexually; "either" type of lipid membranes
• Lack peptidoglycan in cell walls
• Example organism: TAQ (Thermus aquaticus)

Animalia

• Eukaryotic classification, multicellular
• All members are heterotrophs (depend on other organisms for food)
• Can reproduce sexually or asexually
• Contains phospholipid membranes and no cell wall
• Example: pigs

Plantae

• Eukaryotic classification, multicellular
• Autotrophic (produce own food through photosynthesis)
• Can reproduce sexually or asexually
• Cell walls made of cellulose
• Contains phospholipid membranes; includes mitochondria and chloroplasts
• Example: ferns

Fungi

• Eukaryotic classification, can be unicellular or multicellular
• All members are heterotrophs
• Reproduce through sexual or asexual means
• Cell walls composed of chitin
• Contains phospholipid membranes and mitochondria
• Example: mushrooms

Protista

• Eukaryotic classification, can be unicellular or multicellular
• Heterotrophic and autotrophic members
• Reproduce both sexually and asexually
• Phospholipid membranes; some have cellulose cell walls
• Example: amoeba

Taxonomy

• The scientific study of classifying and naming organisms

Binomial Nomenclature

• A two-part naming system denoting genus and species
• Written in italics or underlined, with species in lowercase

Whitaker's Five Kingdoms

• Classification includes Monera (bacteria), Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

Six Kingdoms

• Classification includes Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista

Three Domains

• Classifies life into Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Traditional Classification

• Organisms grouped based on shared physical and biological characteristics

Phylogeny

• The evolutionary history and relationship between species, used to create cladograms based on traits

Molecular Systematics

• Utilizes DNA and genetic data to determine relationships among organisms and assess homologies

Molecular Clock

• Estimates timing of evolutionary events by tracking the rate of DNA changes over time

Order of Domains

• Hierarchy: Bacteria -> Archaea -> Eukarya

Eukarya Formation

• Involves inward folding of archaeal membranes to create organelles
• Endocytosis allowed early ancestral cells to incorporate bacteria, resulting in mutually beneficial relationships (endosymbiosis), leading to the emergence of mitochondria and chloroplasts

Test your knowledge on the six kingdoms of life with these flashcards. Each card covers essential characteristics and examples of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Animalia. Perfect for biology students looking to master classification in the natural world.