Questions and Answers
What type of organisms are Eubacteria?
Archaebacteria have a peptidoglycan cell wall.
False
What is the defining characteristic of Animalia?
Eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophs
What type of wall do Plantae have?
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Which kingdom is primarily composed of fungi?
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What is used as a naming system in biology?
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The 6 kingdoms are ________.
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What defines the three domains of life?
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Traditional classification groups organisms based on genetic similarities.
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What does phylogeny refer to?
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The molecular clock is used to trace the rate of ________ changes.
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What is one key aspect of Eukarya formation?
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Study Notes
Eubacteria
- Prokaryotes, unicellular organisms
- Can be heterotrophic (consume organic material) or autotrophic (produce own food)
- Reproduce asexually; possess phospholipid membranes
- Cell wall contains peptidoglycan
- Example: E. coli
Archaebacteria
- Prokaryotes, unicellular organisms
- Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic, with some classified as chemoautotrophs
- Reproduce asexually; "either" type of lipid membranes
- Lack peptidoglycan in cell walls
- Example organism: TAQ (Thermus aquaticus)
Animalia
- Eukaryotic classification, multicellular
- All members are heterotrophs (depend on other organisms for food)
- Can reproduce sexually or asexually
- Contains phospholipid membranes and no cell wall
- Example: pigs
Plantae
- Eukaryotic classification, multicellular
- Autotrophic (produce own food through photosynthesis)
- Can reproduce sexually or asexually
- Cell walls made of cellulose
- Contains phospholipid membranes; includes mitochondria and chloroplasts
- Example: ferns
Fungi
- Eukaryotic classification, can be unicellular or multicellular
- All members are heterotrophs
- Reproduce through sexual or asexual means
- Cell walls composed of chitin
- Contains phospholipid membranes and mitochondria
- Example: mushrooms
Protista
- Eukaryotic classification, can be unicellular or multicellular
- Heterotrophic and autotrophic members
- Reproduce both sexually and asexually
- Phospholipid membranes; some have cellulose cell walls
- Example: amoeba
Taxonomy
- The scientific study of classifying and naming organisms
Binomial Nomenclature
- A two-part naming system denoting genus and species
- Written in italics or underlined, with species in lowercase
Whitaker's Five Kingdoms
- Classification includes Monera (bacteria), Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia
Six Kingdoms
- Classification includes Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista
Three Domains
- Classifies life into Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Traditional Classification
- Organisms grouped based on shared physical and biological characteristics
Phylogeny
- The evolutionary history and relationship between species, used to create cladograms based on traits
Molecular Systematics
- Utilizes DNA and genetic data to determine relationships among organisms and assess homologies
Molecular Clock
- Estimates timing of evolutionary events by tracking the rate of DNA changes over time
Order of Domains
- Hierarchy: Bacteria -> Archaea -> Eukarya
Eukarya Formation
- Involves inward folding of archaeal membranes to create organelles
- Endocytosis allowed early ancestral cells to incorporate bacteria, resulting in mutually beneficial relationships (endosymbiosis), leading to the emergence of mitochondria and chloroplasts
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Description
Test your knowledge on the six kingdoms of life with these flashcards. Each card covers essential characteristics and examples of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Animalia. Perfect for biology students looking to master classification in the natural world.
