Biology Chapter 19 Classification Review

Questions and Answers

What is the most inclusive taxon?

Domain

What is the least inclusive taxon?

Species

What is binomial nomenclature?

It is a classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.

What is taxonomy?

A system of naming and classifying organisms based on shared characteristics and universal rules Signup and view all the answers

What is the first part of a scientific name?

Genus name Signup and view all the answers

What is the second part of a scientific name?

Species name Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of classification?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Signup and view all the answers

What are some advantages of using scientific names?

Accurately and uniformly names organisms, prevents misnomers, uses the same language (Latin, Greek) for all names. Signup and view all the answers

If two species belong to the same genus, they are what?

Closely related Signup and view all the answers

What is a trait that appears in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members?

A derived character Signup and view all the answers

What is a cladogram?

A diagram depicting patterns of shared characteristics among species Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms?

Phylogeny Signup and view all the answers

What is an evolutionary branch of a cladogram that includes a single ancestor and all of its descendants?

A clade Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotes, unlike Eukaryotes, have no membrane-bound organelles and no nucleus, but they both have what?

DNA Signup and view all the answers

Why is classification subject to change?

It is a changing view as we learn more about DNA and cell structures evidence. Signup and view all the answers

Which organism, autotrophs or heterotrophs, produce their own food?

Autotrophs Signup and view all the answers

Why use a scientific name instead of a common name for an organism?

A scientific name is specific and recognized regardless of your location. Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a common name for an organism?

It is simple and easy to understand. Not everyone knows the scientific names for each organism. Signup and view all the answers

The domain Eukarya is split into how many kingdoms? What are they?

4 kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a multicellular and a unicellular organism?

Multicellular organisms are made up of more than one cell while unicellular organisms are made up of just one. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of systematics?

To organize living things into groups that have biological meaning Signup and view all the answers

The 6 kingdom system contains the 4 kingdoms of Eukaryotes and what?

Eubacteria and Archaebacteria which make up the two kingdoms of Prokaryotes Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of evolutionary classification?

To group species into larger categories that reflect lines of evolutionary descent, rather than overall similarities and differences Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a cladogram?

To link groups of organisms by showing current hypotheses about how evolutionary lines, or lineages, branched off from common ancestors Signup and view all the answers

What does the tree of life illustrate?

Current hypotheses regarding evolutionary relationships among the taxa within the three domains of life. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Taxonomy and Classification

The most inclusive taxon in biological classification is the Domain.
The least inclusive taxon, specific to a particular organism, is the Species.
Binomial nomenclature assigns each species a two-part scientific name composed of the genus and species names.
Taxonomy is the discipline of naming and classifying organisms based on shared characteristics using universal rules.

Scientific Naming

The first part of a scientific name is the Genus name.
The second part of a scientific name is the Species name.
Scientific names provide a uniform and accurate nomenclature, utilizing Latin or Greek to avoid misnomers.

Classification Hierarchy

The correct sequence of biological classification is: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Evolution and Relationships

Closely related species share the same Genus.
A derived character is a trait that appears in recent parts of a lineage but is absent in older members.
A cladogram illustrates patterns of shared characteristics among species, aiding in the understanding of evolutionary relationships known as Phylogeny.
A clade is an evolutionary branch in a cladogram that includes a single ancestor and all its descendants.

Organisms and Classification

Prokaryotes, unlike Eukaryotes, lack membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus but both contain DNA.
Evolutionary classification aims to group species based on evolutionary descent rather than mere similarities.

Domains and Kingdoms

The domain Eukarya comprises four kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
The six-kingdom system includes the four kingdoms of Eukaryotes along with Eubacteria and Archaebacteria, representing the kingdoms of Prokaryotes.

Nature of Organisms

Autotrophs produce their own food, while heterotrophs rely on consuming other organisms.
Multicellular organisms consist of more than one cell, while unicellular organisms consist of just one.
The use of common names for organisms is user-friendly but lacks specificity, whereas scientific names are standardized globally.

Systematics and Classification Goals

The goal of systematics is to organize living things into biologically meaningful groups.
Understanding evolutionary relationships through the tree of life provides hypotheses about how various taxa are related across the three domains of life.

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Description

Test your knowledge of biological classification in this review quiz focused on Chapter 19, Lesson 1. You’ll explore key concepts such as taxon inclusivity, binomial nomenclature, and the principles of taxonomy. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of how organisms are classified!