Biology: Taxonomy and Classification Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which kingdom consists of prokaryotic organisms?

  • Animalia
  • Plantae
  • Fungi
  • Monera (correct)

Which of the following is a characteristic of kingdom Fungi?

  • They have a complex digestive system.
  • They are autotrophic and contain chlorophyll.
  • They reproduce by forming spores. (correct)
  • They can photosynthesize.

What type of organisms does the kingdom Protista predominantly include?

  • Primarily decomposers
  • Unicellular and multicellular organisms (correct)
  • Only multicellular organisms
  • Only unicellular organisms

Which of the following statements about kingdom Plantae is true?

<p>They require water for fertilization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the nutrition mode of kingdom Monera?

<p>Autotrophic or heterotrophic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these organisms is a type of brown algae?

<p>Seaweed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true for all organisms in kingdom Animalia?

<p>They are heterotrophic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of organisms belonging to Monera?

<p>Circular DNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of nutrition exhibited by fungi?

<p>Holozoic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups contains only unicellular organisms?

<p>Protista (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant reproduces by spores and does not produce seeds?

<p>Seedless plants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes angiosperms from gymnosperms?

<p>Production of fruits and nuts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of animal symmetry can an organism be divided into equal halves from only one direction?

<p>Bilateral symmetry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton is made of bones or cartilage?

<p>Endoskeleton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Batesian mimicry and Müllerian mimicry?

<p>Batesian mimicry involves non-toxic species imitating toxic ones. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the first part of the binomial nomenclature represent?

<p>Genus name (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category in the taxonomic hierarchy?

<p>Organism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which domain consists of unicellular organisms that thrive in extreme environments?

<p>Archaea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural component is found in the cell walls of bacteria?

<p>Peptidoglycan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about bacteria is incorrect?

<p>They contain introns in their DNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following eukaryotic kingdoms includes organisms that can undergo photosynthesis?

<p>Plantae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic that distinguishes the domain Eukarya from Bacteria and Archaea?

<p>Presence of nucleus and internal organelles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Binomial Nomenclature

A two-part naming system for organisms using Latin or Greek names. The first part is the genus, and the second is the species.

Taxonomic Hierarchy

A system for classifying organisms based on shared characteristics, ranging from broad categories like kingdom to specific ones like species.

Prokaryotes

Single-celled organisms without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Examples: Bacteria and Archaea.

Extremophiles

Organisms that live in extreme environments, like high salt, high temperature, or acidic conditions.

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Domain Bacteria

A large domain of single-celled prokaryotes (lacking a nucleus and internal compartments).

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Domain Archaea

A domain of single-celled prokaryotes with unique characteristics, often living in extreme environments.

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Domain Eukarya

A domain of organisms with complex cells containing a nucleus and other membrane-bound structures. Includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

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Prokaryotic Cell

A cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

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Eukaryotic Cell

A cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Autotrophic Nutrition

Organisms that make their own food using energy from sunlight (photosynthesis) or chemicals (chemosynthesis).

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Heterotrophic Nutrition

Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

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Cell Wall (Monera)

A rigid outer layer found in some Monera cells, made of peptidoglycan.

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Cell Wall (Fungi)

A rigid outer layer in Fungi cells, made of chitin or cellulose.

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Cell Wall (Plantae)

Present in plant cells, providing support and structure, made of cellulose.

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Unicellular Organism

An organism consisting of only one cell.

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Multicellular Organism

An organism consisting of multiple cells organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems

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Photosynthesis

Process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into food (sugars).

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Vascular Plant

A plant with specialized tissues called xylem and phloem that transport water and nutrients.

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Gymnosperm

A seed plant that produces naked seeds, meaning they are not enclosed within a fruit or ovary.

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Angiosperm

A flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed within a fruit or ovary.

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Monocot

A flowering plant with one cotyledon, a seed leaf that provides nutrition to the developing embryo.

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Dicot

A flowering plant with two cotyledons, seed leaves that nourish the developing embryo.

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Study Notes

Taxonomy

  • Taxonomy is the science of classification.
  • Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature to categorize organisms more effectively.
  • Examples use Felis domestica (domestic cat).
  • Binomial nomenclature uses two names: genus (capitalized) and species (lowercase).
  • Scientific names are usually Latin or Greek.
  • Names are written in italics, or underlined.

Kingdom Classification

  • Three domains of life include Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
  • Eukarya includes four kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Domain Bacteria

  • Prokaryotic organisms (lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles).
  • Some are anaerobic (don't require oxygen).
  • Others are aerobic (require oxygen).
  • Important role in ecosystems as decomposers, recycling organic matter.
  • Used in genetic engineering (e.g., E. coli in insulin production).
  • Thick cell walls containing peptidoglycan.
  • Some types perform photosynthesis.
  • Do not have introns (non-coding DNA sequences).

Domain Archaea

  • Prokaryotic organisms, also lacking a nucleus.
  • Often thrive in extreme environments (extremophiles): methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles.
  • Some types are capable of generating methane using hydrogen.
  • Thrive in environments with high salt concentrations (salt lakes).
  • Thrive in high temperatures (hot springs).
  • Some types may contain introns.

Domain Eukarya

  • Include organisms with a true nucleus.
  • Include four kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
  • Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have distinct characteristics, including cell wall composition and motility.

1. Kingdom Monera

  • Includes bacteria and cyanobacteria.
  • Prokaryotic (no nucleus).
  • Circular DNA, ribosomes.
  • Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) can perform photosynthesis.

2. Kingdom Protista

  • Eukaryotes.
  • Examples include:
  • Amoeba (movement via pseudopodia)
  • Plasmodium (causes malaria)
  • Paramecium (movement via cilia)
  • Euglena (can perform photosynthesis)
  • Slime molds (fungus-like)
  • Diatoms (glass-like walls)
  • Brown algae (multicellular seaweeds)

3. Kingdom Fungi

  • Eukaryotes (multicellular except yeast).
  • Heterotrophic (cannot produce their own food).
  • Reproduce via spores.
  • Examples include: yeast, molds, mushrooms.

4. Kingdom Plantae

  • Eukaryotes (multicellular).
  • Autotrophic (perform photosynthesis).
  • Divided into vascular and nonvascular plants.
  • Vascular plants have xylem and phloem, used for transporting water and nutrients.
  • Seed plants versus seedless plants (reproduction processes)
  • Angiosperms (flowering plants) and gymnosperms (non-flowering plants).

5. Kingdom Animalia

  • Eukaryotes (multicellular).
  • Heterotrophic (cannot produce their own food).
  • Types of symmetry: radial and bilateral.
  • Types of skeletons: exoskeleton, endoskeleton, and hydrostatic skeleton.
  • Body layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
  • Types of development: protostome and deuterostome.
  • Characteristics of each type.

Other Important Terms

  • Camouflage (animals blending into their environment).
  • Mimicry (one animal resembling another).
  • Batesian mimicry (harmless species mimic harmful ones)
  • Mullerian mimicry (harmful species mimic each other).
  • Aposematic coloration (bright warning colors).

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Taxonomy PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of taxonomy and the classification of living organisms. Explore Linnaeus's system of binomial nomenclature and understand the characteristics of the three domains of life. This quiz covers essential concepts, including the distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

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